Official figures and this site's calculations
Why believe this?
Figures of one view and year of the diagram, with their sources and how they were computed, each under its own anchor. Back to Home.
Why believe this?
United States: net total social spending, % of GDP
33.2%Estimated2021
Definition
- What it counts
- Net total social expenditure as a share of GDP: public and private social spending, mandatory and voluntary, net of the direct and indirect taxes levied on benefits, with tax breaks for social purposes added and those financing private benefits counted once; the OECD's SOCX measure "Net total" (ES50).
- Caveat
- 2021 is the latest year for which the OECD publishes net social spending; it is also a year of spending against the pandemic. Social spending is a narrower aggregate than the general-government spending compared elsewhere on this page, and the OECD compiles it from national sources of its own.
Where it comes from
- Source
- OECD, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), social expenditure aggregates
- Where
- Dataflow OECD.ELS.SPD,DSD_SOCX_AGG@DF_SOCX_AGG,1.0; REF_AREA USA, MEASURE SOCX, UNIT_MEASURE PT_B1GQ, EXPEND_SOURCE ES50 (Net total), SPENDING_TYPE _T, PROGRAMME_TYPE _T, TIME_PERIOD 2021
- Published
- Not dated by the OECD's API
- It says
USA, ES50, 2021: OBS_VALUE 33.242, OBS_STATUS A
- As published
- 33.2% of GDP
- Read
- 2026-10-16
Why believe this?
France: Public spending, % of GDP
57%Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Public spending of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.
- Caveat
- COFOG total in the later release: 57.3% (a different GDP vintage)
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, Eurostat gov_10a_main, S13, PC_GDP, updated 2026-07-21
- Where
- TE, FR, 2024
- Published
- 2026
- It says
TE: 1672708.2 million EUR, 57% of GDP
- As published
- 57.0% of GDP
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
General public services n.e.c.
€867mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0106time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €866.6 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government
€0.1mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0108time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €0.1 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Fire-protection services
€7.9bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0302time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €7,937.4 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
R&D Public order and safety
€0mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0305time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €0.0 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
€6.2bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0402time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €6,198.7 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Transport
€60.7bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0405time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €60,688.9 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Street lighting
€1.8bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0604time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €1,819.2 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
R&D Health
€6.7bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0705time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €6,708.3 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Cultural services
€19bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0802time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €18,963.0 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Secondary education
€63.8bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0902time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €63,778.9 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Social exclusion n.e.c.
€36.5bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF1007time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €36,460.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Social protection n.e.c.
€3.7bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF1009time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €3,727.6 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Crédit d'impôt au titre de l'emploi d'un salarié à domicile
€6.4bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance. A payable tax credit: the national accounts record it as general government spending, so it is already inside the spending lines and is not added to public money a second time.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 110246
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €6,420.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Exonération de la participation des employeurs au financement des titres-restaurant
€519mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 120111
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €519.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Exonération d'impôt sur le revenu (sur option) des salaires perçus par les jeunes au titre d'une activité exercée pendant leurs études secondaires ou supérieures ou leurs congés scolaires ou universitaires
€312mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 120132
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €312.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Exonération de l’impôt sur le revenu, sous certaines conditions et limites, des rémunérations versées à raison des heures supplémentaires et complémentaires réalisées à compter du 1er janvier 2019
€2.1bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 120146
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €2,144.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Exonération des intérêts des livrets A
€950mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 140102
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €950.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Exonération des revenus provenant de l'épargne salariale (participation, plan d'épargne salariale et compartiment épargne salariale des plans d'épargne retraite)
€652mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 140109
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €652.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Réduction d'impôt au titre des dons faits par les entreprises à des œuvres ou organismes d'intérêt général
€1.6bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 210309
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €1,635.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Exonérations des produits retirés par les sociétés d'investissements immobiliers cotées, ainsi que par leurs filiales ou des filiales de sociétés de placement à prépondérance immobilière à capital variable ou des filiales conjointes de ces dernières sociétés, et provenant de la location d'immeubles, de la sous-location des immeubles pris en crédit bail ou dont la jouissance a été conférée à titre temporaire par l'Etat, une collectivité territoriale ou leurs établissements publics, de certains droits réels immobiliers et de certaines plus-values de cession
€648mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 300206
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €648.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Exonération des services rendus aux personnes physiques par les associations agréées en application de l'article L. 7232-1 du code du travail
€245mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 720107
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €245.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Taux de 10 % pour les travaux d’amélioration, de transformation, d’aménagement et d’entretien, autres que les travaux de rénovation énergétiques soumis au taux de 5,5 % en application de l’article 278-0 bis A, portant sur les logements achevés depuis plus de deux ans
€2.2bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 730213
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €2,195.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Taux de 10 % applicable aux droits d’admission aux expositions, sites et installations à caractère culturel, ludique, éducatif et professionnel ainsi qu’aux loteries foraines
€225mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 730230
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €225.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Taux particuliers applicables à divers produits et services consommés ou utilisés en Corse
€219mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 730306
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €219.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Smaller tax expenditures, under EUR 200m each
€9.4bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- All measures under EUR 200m
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €9,439.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Official goals of the lines covered
155EstimatedCalculated by this site2026
Definition
- What it counts
- Distinct goals set by law or by the official performance framework (REPSS, PAP and RAP) for the spending lines covered.
- Caveat
- Goals are grouped from the quoted objectives, and each study is matched to a goal by this site, from its quoted finding; every match cites the phrase it rests on.
Where it comes from
- Source
- This site, Official goals matched to causal studies (data/literature)
- Where
- all rows
- Published
- 2026
- As published
- 155
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Public money, 2024
€1,845bnObservedCalculated by this site2024
Definition
- What it counts
- 2024 public money: general government spending by COFOG category (Eurostat), plus the tax expenditures (Voies et moyens, tome II) and the exemptions from social contributions (PLFSS, annex 4) that pursue public aims through the tax system. Payable tax credits, which the national accounts record as spending, are counted once, inside spending. Tax expenditures are each costed with the others unchanged, so their sum is an order of magnitude, not an exact total.
Calculation
- Computed as
sum of all lines, payable tax credits left out as already inside spending, / 1000- From
- Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs €42.8bn
- Foreign economic aid €4.9bn
- General services €53.8bn
- Basic research €19.9bn
- R&D General public services €6.1m
- General public services n.e.c. €867m
- Public debt transactions €58.9bn
- Transfers of a general character between different levels of government €0.1m
- Military defence €47.7bn
- Civil defence €229m
- Foreign military aid €2bn
- R&D Defence €1.7bn
- Defence n.e.c. €2.6bn
- Police services €28.9bn
- Fire-protection services €7.9bn
- Law courts €8.3bn
- Prisons €5.1bn
- R&D Public order and safety €0m
- Public order and safety n.e.c. €1.9bn
- General economic, commercial and labour affairs €45.3bn
- Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting €6.2bn
- Fuel and energy €15.5bn
- Mining, manufacturing and construction €1.6bn
- Transport €60.7bn
- Communication €1.6bn
- Other industries €11.2bn
- R&D Economic affairs €21.4bn
- Economic affairs n.e.c. €2.6bn
- Waste management €15.9bn
- Waste water management €5.2bn
- Pollution abatement €4.3bn
- Protection of biodiversity and landscape €1.7bn
- R&D Environmental protection €1.8bn
- Environmental protection n.e.c. €1.5bn
- Housing development €8.4bn
- Community development €27.2bn
- Water supply €2.8bn
- Street lighting €1.8bn
- R&D Housing and community amenities €0m
- Housing and community amenities n.e.c. €1.8bn
- Medical products, appliances and equipment €43.7bn
- Outpatient services €91.8bn
- Hospital services €109.3bn
- Public health services €8bn
- R&D Health €6.7bn
- Health n.e.c. €1.6bn
- Recreational and sporting services €15.6bn
- Cultural services €19bn
- Broadcasting and publishing services €7.6bn
- Religious and other community services €744m
- R&D Recreation, culture and religion €0m
- Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c. €232m
- Pre-primary and primary education €42.2bn
- Secondary education €63.8bn
- Post-secondary non-tertiary education €1.2bn
- Tertiary education €12.3bn
- Education not definable by level €8.6bn
- Subsidiary services to education €20bn
- R&D Education €0m
- Education n.e.c. €575m
- Sickness and disability €83.9bn
- Old age €392bn
- Survivors €40.6bn
- Family and children €66.7bn
- Unemployment €48.5bn
- Housing €21.1bn
- Social exclusion n.e.c. €36.5bn
- R&D Social protection €0m
- Social protection n.e.c. €3.7bn
- Abattement en faveur des personnes âgées ou invalides de condition modeste €390m
- Demi-part supplémentaire pour les contribuables vivant seuls ayant eu à titre exclusif ou principal, en vivant seuls, la charge d'enfants pendant au moins cinq ans €674m
- Demi-part supplémentaire pour les contribuables (et leurs conjoints survivants) de plus de 74 ans titulaires de la carte du combattant et pour les conjoints survivants de plus de 74 ans de personnes titulaires de la carte du combattant au moment de leur décès €493m
- Demi-part supplémentaire pour les contribuables invalides €523m
- Demi-part supplémentaire, ou quart de part supplémentaire en cas de résidence alternée des enfants à charge, accordée aux parents isolés €849m
- Réduction d'impôt au titre des dons €2bn
- Réduction d'impôt au titre des frais de dépendance et d'hébergement pour les personnes dépendantes accueillies en établissement spécialisé €270m
- Réduction d'impôt pour frais de scolarité dans l'enseignement secondaire €221m
- Réduction d'impôt sur le revenu à raison des investissements productifs réalisés dans les départements et collectivités d'outre-mer €775m
- Réduction d'impôt pour frais de scolarité dans l'enseignement supérieur €217m
- Réductions d'impôt sur le revenu en faveur de l'investissement locatif intermédiaire (dispositifs Duflot et Pinel) €1.5bn
- Réduction, dans la limite d’un certain montant, pour les contribuables des départements d’outre-mer de la cotisation résultant du barème (30 % en Guadeloupe, Martinique et Réunion ; 40 % en Guyane et à Mayotte) €426m
- Exonération des sommes versées au titre de la participation, de l'intéressement, de l'abondement, d'un partage de plus-value, des primes de partage de la valeur, d’un plan de partage de la valorisation de l’entreprise, aux plans d'épargne salariale et aux plans d'épargne retraite d'entreprise collectifs ou obligatoires €2.9bn
- Exonération du salaire des apprentis et des gratifications versées aux stagiaires versées à compter du 12 juillet 2014 €424m
- Exonération de la participation des employeurs au financement des titres-restaurant €519m
- Exonération partielle de la prise en charge par l'employeur, une collectivité territoriale ou l’opérateur France Travail, des frais de transport entre le domicile et le lieu de travail €217m
- Exonération totale pour les prestations et rentes viagères servies aux victimes d'accidents du travail et de maladies professionnelles et à hauteur de 50 % pour les indemnités temporaires €521m
- Exonération totale ou partielle des sommes versées aux salariés détachés à l'étranger €369m
- Exonération temporaire des suppléments de rémunération versés aux salariés et mandataires sociaux au titre de l'exercice d'une activité professionnelle en France (primes d'impatriation), de la fraction de leur rémunération correspondant à l'activité exercée à l'étranger et de la rémunération des salariés et dirigeants de la Chambre de commerce internationale €388m
- Exonération d'impôt sur le revenu (sur option) des salaires perçus par les jeunes au titre d'une activité exercée pendant leurs études secondaires ou supérieures ou leurs congés scolaires ou universitaires €312m
- Exonération sous plafond des indemnités reçues par les salariés en cas de rupture conventionnelle du contrat de travail (ou dispositifs assimilés) €284m
- Exonération de l’impôt sur le revenu, sous certaines conditions et limites, des rémunérations versées à raison des heures supplémentaires et complémentaires réalisées à compter du 1er janvier 2019 €2.1bn
- Exonération des prestations familiales et de l'allocation aux adultes handicapés €1.5bn
- Exonération des indemnités journalières de sécurité sociale servies au titre des maladies "longues et coûteuses" €597m
- Abattement de 10 % sur le montant des pensions (y compris les pensions alimentaires) et des retraites €4.8bn
- Régime spécial d'imposition des assistants maternels et des assistants familiaux régis par les articles L. 421-1 et suivants et L. 423-1 et suivants du code de l'action sociale et des familles €427m
- Imposition au taux forfaitaire des prestations de retraite versées sous forme de capital : 12,8 % pour la part correspondant aux produits provenant d'un plan d'épargne retraite ; 7,5 % pour les autres prestations de retraite servies sous forme de capital €328m
- Déduction des dépenses de réparations et d'amélioration €2bn
- Exonération des intérêts et primes versés dans le cadre de l'épargne logement €426m
- Exonération des intérêts des livrets A €950m
- Exonération des intérêts des livrets de développement durable €384m
- Exonération des revenus provenant de l'épargne salariale (participation, plan d'épargne salariale et compartiment épargne salariale des plans d'épargne retraite) €652m
- Exonération des dividendes capitalisés sur un plan d'épargne en actions €428m
- Exonération ou imposition réduite des produits attachés aux bons ou contrats de capitalisation et d'assurance-vie €582m
- Déduction de précaution €301m
- Déduction exceptionnelle de 40% du prix de revient de certains biens limitativement énumérés, pratiquée sur la durée normale d'utilisation du bien €289m
- Réduction d'impôt au titre des dons faits par les entreprises à des œuvres ou organismes d'intérêt général €1.6bn
- Taxation au taux de 10% des revenus issus de certains actifs de propriété industrielle €1.2bn
- Exonération d’impôt sur les bénéfices pour les entreprises créées ou reprises dans les ZRR €411m
- Exonération des organismes d'HLM et des offices publics d'aménagement et de construction (OPAC) €400m
- Exonérations des produits retirés par les sociétés d'investissements immobiliers cotées, ainsi que par leurs filiales ou des filiales de sociétés de placement à prépondérance immobilière à capital variable ou des filiales conjointes de ces dernières sociétés, et provenant de la location d'immeubles, de la sous-location des immeubles pris en crédit bail ou dont la jouissance a été conférée à titre temporaire par l'Etat, une collectivité territoriale ou leurs établissements publics, de certains droits réels immobiliers et de certaines plus-values de cession €648m
- Exonération des sociétés de placement à prépondérance immobilière à capital variable (SPPICAV) €600m
- Détermination du résultat imposable des entreprises de transport maritime en fonction du tonnage de leurs navires €625m
- Exonération partielle, sous certaines conditions, de droits de mutation à titre gratuit lors de la transmission d'entreprises exploitées sous la forme individuelle ou détenues sous forme sociale €5bn
- Niveau des taux en Guadeloupe, en Martinique et à La Réunion (8,5 % pour le taux normal et 2,1 % pour le taux réduit) €1.2bn
- Exonération des services rendus aux personnes physiques par les associations agréées en application de l'article L. 7232-1 du code du travail €245m
- Taux de 10 % pour les prestations d’hébergement fournies dans le cadre du secteur hôtelier ou de secteurs ayant une fonction similaire et pour les locations de logements meublés à usage résidentiel assorties de prestations annexes €695m
- Taux de 10 % dans le secteur du logement locatif social pour les opérations qui ne sont pas éligibles au taux réduit de 5,5 % €560m
- Taux de 10 % pour les travaux d’amélioration, de transformation, d’aménagement et d’entretien, autres que les travaux de rénovation énergétiques soumis au taux de 5,5 % en application de l’article 278-0 bis A, portant sur les logements achevés depuis plus de deux ans €2.2bn
- Taux de 5,5 % dans le secteur de l’accession sociale à la propriété et dans le secteur du logement locatif social pour les logements financés par un prêt locatif aidé d’intégration (PLAI), pour les logements financés par un prêt locatif à usage social (PLUS) lorsqu’ils relèvent de la politique de renouvellement urbain, ainsi que pour certains travaux portant sur ces logements ou participant au renouvellement urbain €505m
- Taux de 10% pour la restauration commerciale (consommation sur place et vente à emporter en vue d'une consommation immédiate) €2bn
- Taux de 10 % pour les ventes et livraisons à soi-même, à des investisseurs dotés de la personnalité morale, de logements locatifs intermédiaires situés dans des zones caractérisées par un déséquilibre important entre l’offre et la demande de logement ou en cours de revitalisation et de réindustrialisation, lorsqu’ils répondent à des critères de mixité avec des logements locatifs sociaux, ainsi que pour les livraisons de logements locatifs intermédiaires à l’association foncière logement, ou aux sociétés qu’elle contrôle, lorsqu’ils sont situés dans des quartiers ciblés de la politique de la ville ou à leur proximité €225m
- Taux de 5,5% pour les travaux d'amélioration de la qualité énergétique des locaux à usage d'habitation achevés depuis plus de deux ans ainsi que sur les travaux induits qui leur sont indissociablement liés €935m
- Taux de 10 % applicable aux droits d’admission aux expositions, sites et installations à caractère culturel, ludique, éducatif et professionnel ainsi qu’aux loteries foraines €225m
- Taux de 5,5 % applicable aux droits d’entrée dans les théâtres, les cirques, les concerts, les spectacles de variété, les salles de cinéma, les parcs zoologiques et les compétitions de jeux vidéos €315m
- Taux particuliers applicables à divers produits et services consommés ou utilisés en Corse €219m
- Tarif réduit des gazoles non routiers autres que celui utilisé pour les usages agricoles €713m
- Tarif particulier pour le superéthanol E85, carburant essence comprenant au moins 65 % d'éthanol €501m
- Tarif réduit (remboursement) pour les gazoles utilisés comme carburant par les véhicules routiers de transport de marchandises d'au moins 7,5 tonnes €1.2bn
- Tarif réduit (remboursement ou application dès la facturation) pour les gazoles, les fiouls lourds et les gaz de pétrole liquéfiés utilisés pour les travaux agricoles et forestiers €1.8bn
- Réduction du champ de l'accise sur les produits énergétiques à usage carburants, dans les collectivités régies par l'article 73 de la Constitution, aux seuls essences et gazoles et faculté pour ces collectivités de minorer les tarifs €1.5bn
- Tarif réduit pour l’électricité consommée par les entreprises électro-intensives pour les besoins des activités industrielles €428m
- Tarif réduit pour les gaz naturels consommés comme combustible dans les installations grandes consommatrices d’énergie et soumises au régime des quotas d’émission de gaz à effet de serre du dispositif ETS pour les installations fixes (niveau d'intensité énergétique au moins égal à 3 % en valeur de production ou 0,5 % en valeur ajoutée) €673m
- Exonération pour les véhicules dont la source d’énergie est exclusivement l'électricité, l'hydrogène ou une combinaison des deux €1.1bn
- Exonération pour les véhicules de tourisme pour les véhicules hybrides électriques présentant une autonomie en mode tout électrique supérieure à 50 km €1.2bn
- Réduction des émissions, ou de la puissance administrative, prises en compte dans le barème du malus à hauteur de 80 grammes par kilomètre, ou de 4 CV, pour les véhicules comportant au moins 8 places assises dont disposent les personnes morales €700m
- Dépenses pour faciliter l'accessibilité pour personnes handicapées €248m
- Pertes de récoltes ou de bétail €284m
- Exonération de la cotisation minimum de CFE des redevables réalisant un très faible chiffre d'affaires €306m
- Smaller tax expenditures, under EUR 200m each €9.4bn
- General contribution reductions €77.6bn
- Overseas exemptions (LODEOM) €1.5bn
- Other targeted exemptions €9.4bn
- Exemptions from the contribution base €14.9bn
- Result
- €1,845.0 billion
Why believe this?
Researchers per 1,000 in employment, France against its synthetic, 2008-2012
9.4%EstimatedCalculated by this site2012
Definition
- What it counts
- Mean gap between France's researchers per thousand in employment (all sectors, OECD MSTI) and its synthetic counterpart over 2008-2012, as a share of the synthetic level. The synthetic France is fitted on 1995-2007, from donors whose R&D tax incentives did not change.
- Caveat
- Rank p-value 0.10: the share of the 10 units, France and its placebos, whose fit worsens as much after 2008. With so few donors 0.10 is the smallest value possible. The series counts researchers in every sector, not only in firms.
Where it comes from
- Source
- This site, Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)
- Where
- design=researchers-2008, unit=FRA, 2008-2012
- Published
- 2026
- As published
- 9.4%
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Fraction cible of the DSR paid, 2019
€324mEstimatedCalculated by this site2019
Definition
- What it counts
- Sum over the metropolitan communes of the fraction cible of the dotation de solidarité rurale (« Montant global réparti », guarantees included), from the DGCL allocation criteria of 2019.
Where it comes from
- Source
- This site, The DGCL allocation criteria by commune (data/grants/build/criteria.ml)
- Where
- year=2019, sum of column dsr_cible
- Published
- 2026
- As published
- €323.8 million
- Read
- 2026-10-16
Why believe this?
Employment at 60-64 against 55-59, 2025
5.5 ptsEstimatedCalculated by this site2025
Definition
- What it counts
- Employment rate at 60-64 minus the rate at 55-59 in France, relative to its 2019-2022 average: the change at the ages the 2023 reform targets, net of the change just below them. A descriptive change, not an estimate of the reform's effect.
- Caveat
- In 2005-2010, with no change in the legal minimum age, this gap moved by up to two points around its average.
Where it comes from
- Source
- This site, Retirement age and employment (analysis/pensions.ml)
- Where
- year=2025, gap_vs_2019_2022
- Published
- 2026
- As published
- 5.5 percentage points
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
January-February 2026, no aid for higher education
−38.1%EstimatedCalculated by this site2026
Definition
- What it counts
- New apprenticeship contracts preparing a higher-education diploma, relative to those preparing a secondary one (CAP to baccalauréat), compared with the same months of 2023-2024, when both received EUR 6,000. A descriptive comparison, not an estimate of the aid's effect.
- Caveat
- Noise band -43% to -33%, from the disagreement between 2023 and 2024 alone, assuming independent months. Runs of 2 consecutive months in 2022, with equal aid, range from -12% to 5%. Firms of 250 employees and more lost the aid at every level in January-February, and they hire most higher-education apprentices; firms may also have postponed contracts while a new decree was announced.
Where it comes from
- Source
- This site, Apprenticeship aid by diploma level (analysis/apprentices.ml)
- Where
- period=no-higher-aid-2026
- Published
- 2026
- As published
- −38.1%
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2022
€1,435bnObserved2022
Definition
- What it counts
- Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10dd_ggd(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=GDmaturity=TOTALsector2=S2time=2022· query this cell- As published
- €1,434,892.1 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-06-05, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Public debt, all holders, end 2022
€2,956bnObserved2022
Definition
- What it counts
- Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10dd_ggd(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=GDmaturity=TOTALsector2=S1_S2time=2022· query this cell- As published
- €2,955,639.1 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-06-05, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Average net wealth above P0, WID, 2025 euros
€276,795Estimated2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.
- Caveat
- WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024.
Where it comes from
- Source
- World Inequality Database, WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)
- Where
- variable ahwealj992, percentile p0p100, year 2024
- Published
- 9 September 2026
- It says
FR;ahwealj992;p0p100;2024;276795.4
- As published
- €276,795
- Read
- 2026-10-15
Why believe this?
Net personal wealth, WID total
€14,488bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Net personal wealth of all adults in France at the end of 2024, in current 2024 euros: WID's total in 2025 euros times WID's price index for 2024.
- Caveat
- WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024.
Calculation
- Computed as
Net personal wealth, WID total, 2025 euros × WID price index, 2024 (2025 = 1)- From
- Net personal wealth, WID total, 2025 euros €14,658bn, estimated
- WID price index, 2024 (2025 = 1) 1, estimated
- Result
- €14,488.0 billion
Why believe this?
80 and over, received a month per person
€3,780EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 80 and over, transfers received €186.8bn, estimated
- 80 and over, people, 2023 4.1 million
- Result
- €3,780
Why believe this?
Housing and community amenities
€35.6bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Housing development, community development, water supply and street lighting.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF06time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €35,601.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06
€309.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production + Collective services- From
- Subsidies on products €31.8bn, estimated
- Subsidies on production €38.1bn, estimated
- Collective services €239.4bn, estimated
- Result
- €309.3 billion
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 80 years
431,640Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y80time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 431,640 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 86 years
294,601Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y86time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 294,601 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 92 years
139,940Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y92time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 139,940 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 95 years
72,440Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y95time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 72,440 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 0 years
676,815Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y_LT1time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 676,815 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 2 years
701,058Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y2time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 701,058 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 5 years
740,149Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y5time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 740,149 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 13 years
858,304Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y13time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 858,304 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 14 years
866,043Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y14time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 866,043 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 14 years
863,403Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y14time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 863,403 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 22 years
797,408Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y22time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 797,408 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 24 years
768,835Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y24time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 768,835 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 32 years
822,155Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y32time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 822,155 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 36 years
856,454Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y36time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 856,454 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 39 years
853,522Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y39time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 853,522 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 44 years
850,755Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y44time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 850,755 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 47 years
828,913Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y47time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 828,913 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 50 years
911,989Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y50time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 911,989 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 55 years
874,956Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y55time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 874,956 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 60 years
855,922Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y60time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 855,922 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 60 years
888,456Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y60time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 888,456 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 69 years
752,562Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y69time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 752,562 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 74 years
731,087Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y74time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 731,087 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 75 years
702,086Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y75time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 702,086 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights
2.1 millionEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 0 to 100, band 23, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 2,054,928
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 1,000 to 1,500 euros, 2023, file weights
175,092Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 03, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 175,092
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 14,000 to 16,000 euros, 2023, file weights
443,832Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 12, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 443,832
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 20,000 to 22,000 euros, 2023, file weights
510,372Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 15, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 510,372
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 30,000 to 35,000 euros, 2023, file weights
332,220Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 20, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 332,220
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 2,000 to 3,000 euros, 2023, file weights
113,568Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 05, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 113,568
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 10,000 to 12,000 euros, 2023, file weights
228,636Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 10, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 228,636
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 24,000 to 26,000 euros, 2023, file weights
464,832Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 17, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 464,832
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 2,000 to 3,000 euros, 2023, file weights
85,044Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 05, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 85,044
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 18,000 to 20,000 euros, 2023, file weights
359,016Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 14, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 359,016
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights
496,452Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 21, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 496,452
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 500 to 1,000 euros, 2023, file weights
5,652Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 02, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 5,652
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 2,000 to 3,000 euros, 2023, file weights
73,092Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 05, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 73,092
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 16,000 to 18,000 euros, 2023, file weights
272,316Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 13, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 272,316
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights
485,340Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 21, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 485,340
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 200 to 500 euros, 2023, file weights
8,892Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 01, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 8,892
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights
78,408Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 06, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 78,408
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 6,000 to 8,000 euros, 2023, file weights
114,108Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 08, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 114,108
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 14,000 to 16,000 euros, 2023, file weights
81,888Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 12, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 81,888
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023
2.6%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 7 “Revenus d'indépendants (2)”, column F
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 2.6%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, %
19%Estimated2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of households whose reference person is of this age.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024
- Where
- Sheet “AGE”, row 18 “Ensemble”, column E
- Published
- 26 February 2026
- As published
- 19.0%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, %
16.7%Estimated2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of households whose reference person is of this age.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024
- Where
- Sheet “AGE”, row 18 “Ensemble”, column F
- Published
- 26 February 2026
- As published
- 16.7%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Other cash benefits
€147.7bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 33, Ensemble: 38; row 34, Ensemble: 33.6; row 35, Ensemble: 33.9; row 36, Ensemble: 22.9; row 37, Ensemble: 19.3
- As published
- €147.7 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Everyone, Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP), Insee
€38bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €38.0 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Public health insurance reimbursement per person, 2023
€2,496Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Average amount reimbursed by mandatory health insurance per insured person, all care.
Where it comes from
- Source
- DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge
- Where
- Classe d'âge _Ensemble
- Published
- 13 April 2026
- It says
_Ensemble: €2496; 51 - 60 ans: €2557; 31 - 40 ans: €1477; 00 - 10 ans: €925; 61 - 70 ans: €3822; 41 - 50 ans: €1713; 11 - 20 ans: €887; 80 ans et plus: €7858; 71 - 80 ans: €5587; 21 - 30 ans: €1134
- As published
- €2,496
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Health care
€249.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Health × Health care ÷ Health care- From
- Health €249.7bn
- Health care €209.4bn, estimated
- Health care €209.4bn, estimated
- Result
- €249.7 billion
Why believe this?
Health care
€209.4bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €209.4 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Spending per pupil or student, lower secondary
€9,968Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
educ_uoe_fini04(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=EURsector=TOT_SECisced11=ED2time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €9,968
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-15, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Everyone, Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.), Insee
€80.8bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €80.8 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Departments' help at home to the disabled, 2023, € thousands
3.4 millionEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.
Where it comes from
- Source
- DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024
- Where
- Sheet “Données nationales”, row 48 “Aide à domicile, dont :”, column AB
- Published
- 17 April 2026
- As published
- 3,434,510
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Departments' child welfare, 2023, € thousands
11.0 millionEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.
Where it comes from
- Source
- DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024
- Where
- Sheet “Données nationales”, row 36 “Dépenses brutes, dont :”, column AB
- Published
- 17 April 2026
- As published
- 10,962,951
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Everyone, Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale, Insee
€18.9bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €18.9 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Collective services
€332.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Collective services ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06- From
- Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home €430bn
- Collective services €239.4bn, estimated
- Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06 €309.3bn, estimated
- Result
- €332.8 billion
Why believe this?
80 and over, paid a month per person
€840EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 80 and over, levies paid €41.4bn, estimated
- 80 and over, people, 2023 4.1 million
- Result
- €840
Why believe this?
80 and over, Taxes on products
€18.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
- Caveat
- Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
- Computed as
80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)- From
- 80 and over, Taxes on products €19.4bn, estimated
- Share of consumption by visitors 4.4%, estimated
- Result
- €18.5 billion
Why believe this?
Taxes on products
€318.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €318.6 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
CSG
€147.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €147.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49
19,710EstimatedCalculated by this site2024
Definition
- What it counts
- The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.
Calculation
- Computed as
Mean gross wealth, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % ÷ 100- From
- Mean gross wealth, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024 €367,600, estimated
- Financial wealth share, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.7%, estimated
- Professional wealth share, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 15.6%, estimated
- Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%, estimated
- Result
- 19,710
Why believe this?
CSG on capital income, 2023
€16.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025
- Where
- Tableau 1, page 47
- Published
- June 2025
- It says
CSG sur les revenus d'activité 104706; de remplacement 26140; du capital 16611 (M€, 2023)
- As published
- €16,611.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59
88,312EstimatedCalculated by this site2024
Definition
- What it counts
- The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.
Calculation
- Computed as
Mean gross wealth, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024 × Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % ÷ 100- From
- Mean gross wealth, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024 €464,800, estimated
- Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%, estimated
- Result
- 88,312
Why believe this?
80 and over, Income tax
€5.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Income tax €103.3bn, estimated
- 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile 4.9%, estimated
- Result
- €5.1 billion
Why believe this?
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023
19.5%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column E
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 19.5%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023
1.7%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column D
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 1.7%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023
8%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 9 “Revenus du patrimoine”, column D
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 8.0%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023
20.6%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 9 “Revenus du patrimoine”, column G
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 20.6%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Other contributions
€214bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 29, Ensemble: -142.8; row 27, Ensemble: -33.2; row 28, Ensemble: -38
- As published
- €214.0 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
80 and over, Other contributions
€450mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Other contributions €182.4bn, estimated
- 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile 0.2%, estimated
- Result
- €0.5 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, net paid a month per person
€1,290EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- What the group pays less what it receives, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
− 40–49, net received a month per person- From
- 40–49, net received a month per person €−1,290, estimated
- Result
- €1,290
Why believe this?
40–49, received a month per person
€1,270EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 40–49, transfers received €130.2bn, estimated
- 40–49, people, 2023 8.6 million
- Result
- €1,270
Why believe this?
40–49, Subsidies on products
€6.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on products × 40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Subsidies on products €44.2bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile 14%, estimated
- Result
- €6.2 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Subsidies on production
€13.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Subsidies on production €53bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile 25.9%, estimated
- Result
- €13.7 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Pensions
€297mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Pensions × 40–49, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Pensions €370bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Pensions by age profile 0.1%, estimated
- Result
- €0.3 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Social care and housing aid
€8.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Social care and housing aid × 40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Social care and housing aid €107.7bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile 8.1%, estimated
- Result
- €8.8 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits
€27.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income- From
- 40–49, CSG €30.3bn, estimated
- 40–49, CSG on capital income €2.7bn, estimated
- Result
- €27.6 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, CSG
€30.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100- From
- CSG €149.8bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of CSG by age profile 20.2%, estimated
- Result
- €30.3 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, CSG on capital income
€2.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
- Caveat
- An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100- From
- CSG on capital income €16.9bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 16.3%, estimated
- Result
- €2.7 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Pension contributions
€72.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Pension contributions €280.4bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile 25.9%, estimated
- Result
- €72.6 billion
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Taxes on products
€50.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
- Caveat
- Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
- Computed as
Top 10%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)- From
- Top 10%, Taxes on products €53.2bn, estimated
- Share of consumption by visitors 4.4%, estimated
- Result
- €50.9 billion
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Taxes on products
€53.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 18, V19: -19.9; row 18, V20: -33.3
- As published
- €53.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products
€24.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 18, V5: -11.6; row 18, V6: -12.7
- As published
- €24.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production
€4.1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 20, V3: -1.8; row 20, V4: -2.3
- As published
- €4.1 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10–20%, Taxes on production
€20.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 20, V17: -9.3; row 20, V18: -11
- As published
- €20.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Corporate tax
€52.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
- Caveat
- Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
- Computed as
Top 10%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)- From
- Top 10%, Corporate tax €65.1bn, estimated
- Share of French companies' equity held outside France 20%, estimated
- Result
- €52.1 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax
€800mEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 22, V5: -0.3; row 22, V6: -0.5
- As published
- €0.8 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax
€700mEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 22, V7: -0.3; row 22, V8: -0.4
- As published
- €0.7 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 30–40%, CSG
€9.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 23, V7: -4.3; row 23, V8: -4.9
- As published
- €9.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, CSG on capital income
€7.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
- Competing figures
- €9.8bn, the CSG on capital income by financial income alone. The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income.
- €8.6bn, the CSG on capital income by all capital income. The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income.
- Caveat
- An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG on capital income × Top 10%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100- From
- CSG on capital income €16.9bn, estimated
- Top 10%, share of the CSG on capital income 42.5%, estimated
- Result
- €7.2 billion
Why believe this?
Top 10%, share of the CSG on capital income
42.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).
- Caveat
- An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 10%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100- From
- CSG on income from investments, 2023 €9.4bn, estimated
- CSG on income from property, 2023 €7.2bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Net financial income €77.9bn, estimated
- All groups, Net financial income €133.9bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed €36.3bn, estimated
- All groups, Rents, actual and imputed €166.8bn, estimated
- Result
- 42.5%
Why believe this?
CSG on income from investments, 2023
€9.4bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients (CCSS).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025
- Where
- Fiche 1.3, Tableau 1, page 47
- Published
- June 2025
- It says
CSG sur les revenus du patrimoine 7167; CSG sur les revenus du placement 9444 (M€, 2023)
- As published
- €9,444.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 20–30%, Net financial income
€3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 8, V5: 1.3; row 8, V6: 1.7
- As published
- €3.0 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
All groups, Rents, actual and imputed
€166.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.
Calculation
- Computed as
Bottom 10%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed- From
- Bottom 10%, Rents, actual and imputed €6.9bn, estimated
- Bottom 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed €7.3bn, estimated
- Bottom 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed €10.8bn, estimated
- Bottom 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed €12.3bn, estimated
- Bottom 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed €13.9bn, estimated
- Top 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed €16bn, estimated
- Top 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed €18.3bn, estimated
- Top 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed €20.5bn, estimated
- Top 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed €24.5bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed €36.3bn, estimated
- Result
- €166.8 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed
€12.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 9, V7: 6.1; row 9, V8: 6.2
- As published
- €12.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 20–30%, Income tax
€0mEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 24, V5: 0; row 24, V6: 0
- As published
- €0.0 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth
€11.7bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 25, V19: -2.9; row 25, V20: -8.8
- As published
- €11.7 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth
€1.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 25, V9: -0.6; row 25, V10: -0.6
- As published
- €1.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth
€3.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 25, V17: -1.4; row 25, V18: -1.9
- As published
- €3.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
All groups, Pension contributions
€328.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.
Calculation
- Computed as
Bottom 10%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions + Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions + Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions + Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions + Top 40–50%, Pension contributions + Top 30–40%, Pension contributions + Top 20–30%, Pension contributions + Top 10–20%, Pension contributions + Top 10%, Pension contributions- From
- Bottom 10%, Pension contributions €3.9bn, estimated
- Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions €9.8bn, estimated
- Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions €14.7bn, estimated
- Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions €20.2bn, estimated
- Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions €24.9bn, estimated
- Top 40–50%, Pension contributions €28.4bn, estimated
- Top 30–40%, Pension contributions €35.6bn, estimated
- Top 20–30%, Pension contributions €43.5bn, estimated
- Top 10–20%, Pension contributions €54.7bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Pension contributions €93bn, estimated
- Result
- €328.7 billion
Why believe this?
Top 40–50%, Pension contributions
€28.4bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 26, V11: -13.8; row 26, V12: -14.6
- As published
- €28.4 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 20–30%, Pension contributions
€43.5bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 26, V15: -20.6; row 26, V16: -22.9
- As published
- €43.5 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Other contributions
€2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 29, V1: -0.5; row 29, V2: -0.8; row 27, V1: -0.1; row 27, V2: -0.2; row 28, V1: -0.1; row 28, V2: -0.3
- As published
- €2.0 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, people
6.8 millionEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.
Calculation
- Computed as
(V19, Individuals, millions, Insee + V20, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000- From
- V19, Individuals, millions, Insee 3.4, estimated
- V20, Individuals, millions, Insee 3.4, estimated
- Result
- 6,800,000
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Subsidies on products
€4.1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 19, V19: 1.7; row 19, V20: 2.4
- As published
- €4.1 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products
€2.8bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 19, V1: 1.4; row 19, V2: 1.4
- As published
- €2.8 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production
€1.7bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 21, V5: 0.8; row 21, V6: 0.9
- As published
- €1.7 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10–20%, Pensions
€52.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 31, V17: 24.4; row 31, V18: 27.9
- As published
- €52.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Unemployment benefits
€5.4bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 32, V19: 2.9; row 32, V20: 2.5
- As published
- €5.4 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits
€3.8bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 32, V13: 2; row 32, V14: 1.8
- As published
- €3.8 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits
€14.1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 33, V7: 1.2; row 33, V8: 1.4; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 34, V8: 1.9; row 35, V7: 2; row 35, V8: 1.6; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 36, V8: 0.9; row 37, V7: 1; row 37, V8: 1
- As published
- €14.1 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10–20%, Health care
€28.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 40, V3: 14.1; row 40, V4: 14.1
- As published
- €28.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 30–40%, Education
€10.9bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 41, V13: 5.6; row 41, V14: 5.3
- As published
- €10.9 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid
€14.1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 42, V5: 5.7; row 42, V6: 4.7; row 44, V5: 1.1; row 44, V6: 0.6; row 45, V5: 1; row 45, V6: 1
- As published
- €14.1 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Culture and leisure
€4.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
Culture and leisure × Top 10%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure- From
- Culture and leisure €41.4bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Culture and leisure €5.2bn, estimated
- All groups, Culture and leisure €52bn, estimated
- Result
- €4.1 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure
€5.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 43, V9: 2.6; row 43, V10: 2.6
- As published
- €5.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10–20%, Collective services
€24.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 46, V3: 12.2; row 46, V4: 12.4
- As published
- €24.6 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth
€410mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth- From
- Other taxes on income and wealth €24.7bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth €400m, estimated
- All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth €24.1bn, estimated
- Result
- €0.4 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid
€19.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.
Calculation
- Computed as
Social care and housing aid × Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid- From
- Social care and housing aid €107.7bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid €20.7bn, estimated
- All groups, Social care and housing aid €116.3bn, estimated
- Result
- €19.2 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure
€4.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
Culture and leisure × Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure- From
- Culture and leisure €41.4bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure €5.2bn, estimated
- All groups, Culture and leisure €52bn, estimated
- Result
- €4.1 billion