Official figures and this site's calculations
Why believe this?
Figures of one view and year of the diagram, with their sources and how they were computed, each under its own anchor. Back to Home.
Why believe this?
France: net total social spending, % of GDP
30.1%Estimated2019
Definition
- What it counts
- Net total social expenditure as a share of GDP: public and private social spending, mandatory and voluntary, net of the direct and indirect taxes levied on benefits, with tax breaks for social purposes added and those financing private benefits counted once; the OECD's SOCX measure "Net total" (ES50).
- Caveat
- 2019 is the year before the pandemic for which the OECD publishes net social spending; the OECD publishes it every other year. Social spending is a narrower aggregate than the general-government spending compared elsewhere on this page, and the OECD compiles it from national sources of its own.
Where it comes from
- Source
- OECD, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), social expenditure aggregates
- Where
- Dataflow OECD.ELS.SPD,DSD_SOCX_AGG@DF_SOCX_AGG,1.0; REF_AREA FRA, MEASURE SOCX, UNIT_MEASURE PT_B1GQ, EXPEND_SOURCE ES50 (Net total), SPENDING_TYPE _T, PROGRAMME_TYPE _T, TIME_PERIOD 2019
- Published
- Not dated by the OECD's API
- It says
FRA, ES50, 2019: OBS_VALUE 30.127, OBS_STATUS A
- As published
- 30.1% of GDP
- Read
- 2026-10-16
Why believe this?
France: net total social spending, % of GDP
31.9%Estimated2021
Definition
- What it counts
- Net total social expenditure as a share of GDP: public and private social spending, mandatory and voluntary, net of the direct and indirect taxes levied on benefits, with tax breaks for social purposes added and those financing private benefits counted once; the OECD's SOCX measure "Net total" (ES50).
- Caveat
- 2021 is the latest year for which the OECD publishes net social spending; it is also a year of spending against the pandemic. Social spending is a narrower aggregate than the general-government spending compared elsewhere on this page, and the OECD compiles it from national sources of its own.
Where it comes from
- Source
- OECD, Social Expenditure Database (SOCX), social expenditure aggregates
- Where
- Dataflow OECD.ELS.SPD,DSD_SOCX_AGG@DF_SOCX_AGG,1.0; REF_AREA FRA, MEASURE SOCX, UNIT_MEASURE PT_B1GQ, EXPEND_SOURCE ES50 (Net total), SPENDING_TYPE _T, PROGRAMME_TYPE _T, TIME_PERIOD 2021
- Published
- Not dated by the OECD's API
- It says
FRA, ES50, 2021: OBS_VALUE 31.95, OBS_STATUS A
- As published
- 31.9% of GDP
- Read
- 2026-10-16
Why believe this?
France: Social protection, % of GDP
23.7%Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Social protection of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional
- Where
- GF10, FR, 2024
- Published
- 2026
- It says
GF10: 693028.8 million EUR, 23.7% of GDP
- As published
- 23.7% of GDP
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
General services
€53.8bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0103time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €53,780.4 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Military defence
€47.7bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0201time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €47,701.9 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Public order and safety n.e.c.
€1.9bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0306time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €1,864.6 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
General economic, commercial and labour affairs
€45.3bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0401time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €45,256.9 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Pollution abatement
€4.3bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0503time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €4,268.6 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Protection of biodiversity and landscape
€1.7bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0504time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €1,678.4 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Medical products, appliances and equipment
€43.7bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0701time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €43,714.6 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Health n.e.c.
€1.6bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0706time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €1,647.9 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Recreational and sporting services
€15.6bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0801time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €15,568.6 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.
€232mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0806time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €231.5 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Subsidiary services to education
€20bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0906time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €20,022.9 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Survivors
€40.6bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF1003time=2024· query this cell- As published
- €40,608.3 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-03
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Abattement en faveur des personnes âgées ou invalides de condition modeste
€390mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 100201
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €390.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Demi-part supplémentaire, ou quart de part supplémentaire en cas de résidence alternée des enfants à charge, accordée aux parents isolés
€849mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 110110
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €849.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Réduction d'impôt pour frais de scolarité dans l'enseignement supérieur
€217mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 110242
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €217.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Exonération du salaire des apprentis et des gratifications versées aux stagiaires versées à compter du 12 juillet 2014
€424mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 120109
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €424.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Exonération des prestations familiales et de l'allocation aux adultes handicapés
€1.5bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 120202
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €1,503.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Crédit d'impôt en faveur de la recherche
€7.8bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance. A payable tax credit: the national accounts record it as general government spending, so it is already inside the spending lines and is not added to public money a second time.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 200302
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €7,800.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Crédit d’impôt à raison des investissements effectués dans le secteur du logement social dans les départements d’outre-mer
€258mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance. A payable tax credit: the national accounts record it as general government spending, so it is already inside the spending lines and is not added to public money a second time.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 320136
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €258.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Taux de 5,5 % dans le secteur de l’accession sociale à la propriété et dans le secteur du logement locatif social pour les logements financés par un prêt locatif aidé d’intégration (PLAI), pour les logements financés par un prêt locatif à usage social (PLUS) lorsqu’ils relèvent de la politique de renouvellement urbain, ainsi que pour certains travaux portant sur ces logements ou participant au renouvellement urbain
€505mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 730216
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €505.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Taux de 10% pour la restauration commerciale (consommation sur place et vente à emporter en vue d'une consommation immédiate)
€2bnObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 730221
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €2,025.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Tarif réduit pour l’électricité consommée par les entreprises électro-intensives pour les besoins des activités industrielles
€428mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 820203
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €428.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Réduction des émissions, ou de la puissance administrative, prises en compte dans le barème du malus à hauteur de 80 grammes par kilomètre, ou de 4 CV, pour les véhicules comportant au moins 8 places assises dont disposent les personnes morales
€700mObserved2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)
- Where
- Measure 970105
- Published
- October 2025
- As published
- €700.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
Territoires d'industrie: 2018 communes, industrial jobs (census), 2021
−6%EstimatedCalculated by this site2021
Definition
- What it counts
- Change in industrial jobs (census) from the 2015 to the 2021 census in the treated communes, minus the change in their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). The 2021 census pools the surveys of 2019-2023.
- Caveat
- 95% confidence interval -11.0 to -1.0 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -15.4 to 4.4, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty.
Where it comes from
- Source
- This site, Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)
- Where
- design=ti, outcome=industry_jobs, year=2021
- Published
- 2026
- As published
- −6.0%
- Read
- 2026-10-03
Why believe this?
DETR cap, jump in equipment spending, over the first year
€54EstimatedCalculated by this site2020
Definition
- What it counts
- The jump at the threshold, from the ineligible side to the eligible one, in euros per inhabitant of the commune's Insee population summed over the window: local linear regressions with a triangular kernel on each side, 1,106 observations on the ineligible side and 3,652 on the eligible one within the bandwidth (allocation years 2018 to 2020, criteria of t - 1).
- Caveat
- 95% interval 6.14 to 102.09, standard errors clustered by commune: distinguishable from zero at 95%. Smallest jump the design detects four times in five at 5%, computed before any estimate: 70.34.
Where it comes from
- Source
- This site, The State's grants at their thresholds (analysis/grants.ml)
- Where
- estimand=reduced_form, threshold=detr_cap, outcome=equipment, window=1
- Published
- 2026
- As published
- €54
- Read
- 2026-10-16
Why believe this?
Share of net borrowing from abroad
73.9%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024
Definition
- What it counts
- A holder's net take-up of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders': the change in its holdings at face value.
- Caveat
- Net take-up at face value: the change in what each sector holds over the year, which also moves when bonds change hands between sectors. Eurostat does not publish government debt transactions by holder; changes at face value carry no market revaluation, so they are the closest published measure. The total change in debt differs from the deficit by the stock-flow adjustment (cash buffers, premiums and discounts at issue), so the shares, not the amounts, are applied to the deficit.
Calculation
- Computed as
(Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2024 − Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2023) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2024 − Public debt, all holders, end 2023) × 100- From
- Result
- 73.9%
Why believe this?
Public debt, all holders, end 2025
€3,460bnObserved2025
Definition
- What it counts
- Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10dd_ggd(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=GDmaturity=TOTALsector2=S1_S2time=2025· query this cell- As published
- €3,460,465.1 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-06-05, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Net wealth at P99.999, WID, 2025 euros
€798,715,008Estimated2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.
- Caveat
- WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024.
Where it comes from
- Source
- World Inequality Database, WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)
- Where
- variable thwealj992, percentile p99.999p100, year 2024
- Published
- 9 September 2026
- It says
FR;thwealj992;p99.999p100;2024;798715008
- As published
- €798,715,008
- Read
- 2026-10-15
Why believe this?
Wealth held by the poorest half of adults
4.8%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of net personal wealth held by the poorest 50% of adults, ranked by net wealth, 2024.
Calculation
- Computed as
100 − Share of net wealth above P50, WID- From
- Share of net wealth above P50, WID 95.2%, estimated
- Result
- 4.8%
Why believe this?
Defence
€51.2bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Military and civil defence.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF02time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €51,179.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Environmental protection
€28.9bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Waste, water and pollution management.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF05time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €28,935.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 83 years
355,316Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y83time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 355,316 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 84 years
338,904Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y84time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 338,904 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 91 years
177,323Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y91time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 177,323 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 96 years
51,268Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y96time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 51,268 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 96 years
53,392Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y96time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 53,392 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 98 years
28,314Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y98time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 28,314 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 1 year
678,552Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y1time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 678,552 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 4 years
731,562Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y4time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 731,562 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 10 years
829,697Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y10time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 829,697 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 17 years
847,256Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y17time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 847,256 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 19 years
810,270Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y19time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 810,270 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 21 years
803,765Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y21time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 803,765 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 25 years
778,675Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y25time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 778,675 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 28 years
752,726Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y28time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 752,726 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 32 years
835,055Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y32time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 835,055 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 35 years
847,592Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y35time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 847,592 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 37 years
867,485Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y37time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 867,485 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 40 years
842,081Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y40time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 842,081 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 43 years
845,237Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y43time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 845,237 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 44 years
828,897Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y44time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 828,897 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 49 years
871,476Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y49time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 871,476 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 51 years
923,166Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y51time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 923,166 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 54 years
888,739Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y54time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 888,739 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 63 years
841,499Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y63time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 841,499 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 64 years
831,367Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y64time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 831,367 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 65 years
804,594Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y65time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 804,594 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 70 years
759,498Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y70time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 759,498 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 71 years
750,658Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y71time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 750,658 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 79 years
443,442Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y79time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 443,442 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights
421,980Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 06, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 421,980
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights
523,380Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 09, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 523,380
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 22,000 to 24,000 euros, 2023, file weights
430,128Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 16, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 430,128
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights
53,376Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 23, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 53,376
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 0 to 200 euros, 2023, file weights
4,620Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 00, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 4,620
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights
228,936Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 09, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 228,936
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 18,000 to 20,000 euros, 2023, file weights
441,684Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 14, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 441,684
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights
401,388Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 23, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 401,388
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 200 to 500 euros, 2023, file weights
3,888Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 01, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 3,888
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 6,000 to 8,000 euros, 2023, file weights
160,224Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 08, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 160,224
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 10,000 to 12,000 euros, 2023, file weights
191,220Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 10, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 191,220
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 24,000 to 26,000 euros, 2023, file weights
444,348Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 17, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 444,348
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 28,000 to 30,000 euros, 2023, file weights
361,512Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 19, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 361,512
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights
531,120Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 22, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 531,120
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion
€195.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.
Calculation
- Computed as
Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 100, 01: 350, 02: 750, 03: 1250, 04: 1750, 05: 2500, 06: 3500, 07: 5000, 08: 7000, 09: 9000, 10: 11000, 11: 13000, 12: 15000, 13: 17000, 14: 19000, 15: 21000, 16: 23000, 17: 25000, 18: 27000, 19: 29000, 20: 32500, 21: 37500, 22: 45000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023- From
- Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023 €78,018, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 0 to 200 euros, 2023, file weights 3,204, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 200 to 500 euros, 2023, file weights 3,180, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 500 to 1,000 euros, 2023, file weights 5,652, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 1,000 to 1,500 euros, 2023, file weights 19,752, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 1,500 to 2,000 euros, 2023, file weights 36,492, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 2,000 to 3,000 euros, 2023, file weights 73,092, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights 72,840, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 4,000 to 6,000 euros, 2023, file weights 151,764, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 6,000 to 8,000 euros, 2023, file weights 151,224, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights 170,472, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 10,000 to 12,000 euros, 2023, file weights 191,448, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 12,000 to 14,000 euros, 2023, file weights 190,320, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 14,000 to 16,000 euros, 2023, file weights 204,696, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 16,000 to 18,000 euros, 2023, file weights 272,316, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 18,000 to 20,000 euros, 2023, file weights 347,196, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 20,000 to 22,000 euros, 2023, file weights 416,616, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 22,000 to 24,000 euros, 2023, file weights 454,416, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 24,000 to 26,000 euros, 2023, file weights 446,964, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 26,000 to 28,000 euros, 2023, file weights 389,544, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 28,000 to 30,000 euros, 2023, file weights 342,240, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 30,000 to 35,000 euros, 2023, file weights 662,040, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights 485,340, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights 568,668, estimated
- Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights 724,188, estimated
- Result
- €195.4 billion
Why believe this?
Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 200 to 500 euros, 2023, file weights
3,180Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 01, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 3,180
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 24,000 to 26,000 euros, 2023, file weights
446,964Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 17, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 446,964
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 500 to 1,000 euros, 2023, file weights
11,748Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 02, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 11,748
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 12,000 to 14,000 euros, 2023, file weights
87,528Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 11, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 87,528
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 22,000 to 24,000 euros, 2023, file weights
106,020Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 16, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 106,020
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 26,000 to 28,000 euros, 2023, file weights
86,964Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 18, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 86,964
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights
139,020Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
- Where
- data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 22, weight summed over sectors
- Published
- 24 March 2026
- As published
- 139,020
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023
€3,236EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.
Calculation
- Computed as
Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 30 to 39, 2023 ÷ 100- From
- Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 7%, estimated
- Mean disposable income of households, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €46,230, estimated
- Result
- €3,236
Why believe this?
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023
€1,013EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.
Calculation
- Computed as
Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 65 to 74, 2023 ÷ 100- From
- Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 2.6%, estimated
- Mean disposable income of households, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €38,980, estimated
- Result
- €1,013
Why believe this?
Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, %
16.6%Estimated2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of households whose reference person is of this age.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024
- Where
- Sheet “AGE”, row 18 “Ensemble”, column D
- Published
- 26 February 2026
- As published
- 16.6%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
80 and over, Pensions
€90.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Pensions × 80 and over, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Pensions €370bn, estimated
- 80 and over, share of Pensions by age profile 24.4%, estimated
- Result
- €90.1 billion
Why believe this?
80 and over, Education
€11.6mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Education × 80 and over, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Education €141.6bn, estimated
- 80 and over, share of Education by age profile 0.0082%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
Education
€128.1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €128.1 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Spending per pupil or student, pre-primary
€8,493Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
educ_uoe_fini04(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=EURsector=TOT_SECisced11=ED02time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €8,493
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-15, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Everyone, Aides au logement et chèque énergie, Insee
€16.1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €16.1 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Other taxes on income and wealth
€24.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €24.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59
29,319.6EstimatedCalculated by this site2024
Definition
- What it counts
- The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.
Calculation
- Computed as
Mean gross wealth, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % ÷ 100- From
- Mean gross wealth, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024 €464,800, estimated
- Financial wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19.7%, estimated
- Professional wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 13.5%, estimated
- Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%, estimated
- Result
- 29,320
Why believe this?
Shares issued by non-financial corporations
€11,069bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Listed and unlisted shares (ESA F51), at the end of the year, at market value or own funds for unlisted companies.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
nasa_10_f_bs(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURco_nco=NCOsector=S11finpos=LIABna_item=F51time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €11,069,025.0 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-10-14, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits
€6.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income- From
- 80 and over, CSG €8.5bn, estimated
- 80 and over, CSG on capital income €1.7bn, estimated
- Result
- €6.7 billion
Why believe this?
CSG on replacement income, 2023
€26.1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025
- Where
- Tableau 1, page 47
- Published
- June 2025
- It says
CSG sur les revenus d'activité 104706; de remplacement 26140; du capital 16611 (M€, 2023)
- As published
- €26,140.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49
61,021.6EstimatedCalculated by this site2024
Definition
- What it counts
- The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.
Calculation
- Computed as
Mean gross wealth, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024 × Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % ÷ 100- From
- Mean gross wealth, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024 €367,600, estimated
- Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%, estimated
- Result
- 61,022
Why believe this?
CSG on capital income
€16.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
- Caveat
- A rescaled estimate, not the CCSS's figure: the CCSS puts the CSG's yield on capital income at €16.611bn in 2023; here the CSG of the year on the perimeter of the other levies (€149.8bn) is multiplied by capital income's share of the CSG's yield by base (11.26%), which gives €16.9bn.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG × Capital income's share of the CSG, 2023 ÷ 100- From
- CSG €149.8bn, estimated
- Capital income's share of the CSG, 2023 11.3%, estimated
- Result
- €16.9 billion
Why believe this?
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023
14.5%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column B
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 14.5%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023
16.9%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column D
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 16.9%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023
4.2%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 5 “Revenus d'activité”, column G
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 4.2%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023
0.9%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column C
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 0.9%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023
80.5%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column F
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 80.5%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023
4.7%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 9 “Revenus du patrimoine”, column B
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 4.7%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Pension contributions
€280.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Social contributions × Pension contributions ÷ Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions- From
- Social contributions €462.8bn
- Pension contributions €328.9bn, estimated
- Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions €542.9bn, estimated
- Result
- €280.4 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Collective services
€41.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Collective services × 40–49, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Collective services €332.8bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Collective services by age profile 12.5%, estimated
- Result
- €41.6 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Other contributions
€47.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Other contributions €182.4bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile 25.9%, estimated
- Result
- €47.3 billion
Why believe this?
Top 30–40%, Taxes on products
€34.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 18, V13: -16.7; row 18, V14: -17.5
- As published
- €34.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production
€9.9bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 20, V9: -4.8; row 20, V10: -5.1
- As published
- €9.9 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 30–40%, Corporate tax
€1.5bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 22, V13: -0.8; row 22, V14: -0.7
- As published
- €1.5 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10–20%, CSG
€23.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 23, V17: -10.7; row 23, V18: -12.5
- As published
- €23.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
CSG on income from property, 2023
€7.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients (CCSS).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025
- Where
- Fiche 1.3, Tableau 1, page 47
- Published
- June 2025
- It says
CSG sur les revenus du patrimoine 7167; CSG sur les revenus du placement 9444 (M€, 2023)
- As published
- €7,167.0 million
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 30–40%, Net financial income
€7.5bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 8, V13: 3.4; row 8, V14: 4.1
- As published
- €7.5 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10–20%, Net financial income
€17bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 8, V17: 7.4; row 8, V18: 9.6
- As published
- €17.0 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed
€24.5bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 9, V17: 11.6; row 9, V18: 12.9
- As published
- €24.5 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Income tax
€65.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 24, V19: -15.9; row 24, V20: -49.4
- As published
- €65.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 40–50%, Income tax
€2.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 24, V11: -1.1; row 24, V12: -1.5
- As published
- €2.6 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 20–30%, Income tax
€8.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 24, V15: -3.8; row 24, V16: -4.8
- As published
- €8.6 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth
€12bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth- From
- Other taxes on income and wealth €24.7bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth €11.7bn, estimated
- All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth €24.1bn, estimated
- Result
- €12.0 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth
€1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 25, V7: -0.5; row 25, V8: -0.5
- As published
- €1.0 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions
€9.8bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 26, V3: -4.2; row 26, V4: -5.6
- As published
- €9.8 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Other contributions
€60.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other contributions × Top 10%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions- From
- Other contributions €182.4bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Other contributions €71.1bn, estimated
- All groups, Other contributions €214bn, estimated
- Result
- €60.6 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions
€14.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 29, V9: -4.1; row 29, V10: -4.8; row 27, V9: -1.2; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 28, V9: -1.3; row 28, V10: -1.5
- As published
- €14.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 20–30%, Other contributions
€27.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 29, V15: -8.4; row 29, V16: -9.8; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 28, V15: -2.2; row 28, V16: -2.5
- As published
- €27.6 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products
€3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 19, V9: 1.5; row 19, V10: 1.5
- As published
- €3.0 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production
€3.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 21, V11: 1.6; row 21, V12: 1.7
- As published
- €3.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production
€4.8bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 21, V15: 2.3; row 21, V16: 2.5
- As published
- €4.8 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Pensions
€61.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.
Calculation
- Computed as
Pensions × Top 10%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions- From
- Pensions €370bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Pensions €66.6bn, estimated
- All groups, Pensions €397.8bn, estimated
- Result
- €61.9 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 30–40%, Pensions
€36.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 31, V7: 18.6; row 31, V8: 17.7
- As published
- €36.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits
€4.8bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 32, V7: 2.5; row 32, V8: 2.3
- As published
- €4.8 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits
€20.8bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 33, V1: 0.2; row 33, V2: 0.4; row 34, V1: 3.2; row 34, V2: 4; row 35, V1: 5.6; row 35, V2: 4.4; row 36, V1: 0.5; row 36, V2: 1.7; row 37, V1: 0.4; row 37, V2: 0.4
- As published
- €20.8 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits
€11.9bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 33, V15: 2.4; row 33, V16: 2.6; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 36, V15: 1; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 37, V15: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1
- As published
- €11.9 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
All groups, Health care
€209.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.
Calculation
- Computed as
Bottom 10%, Health care + Bottom 10–20%, Health care + Bottom 20–30%, Health care + Bottom 30–40%, Health care + Bottom 40–50%, Health care + Top 40–50%, Health care + Top 30–40%, Health care + Top 20–30%, Health care + Top 10–20%, Health care + Top 10%, Health care- From
- Bottom 10%, Health care €17.5bn, estimated
- Bottom 10–20%, Health care €28.2bn, estimated
- Bottom 20–30%, Health care €24bn, estimated
- Bottom 30–40%, Health care €27.4bn, estimated
- Bottom 40–50%, Health care €19.5bn, estimated
- Top 40–50%, Health care €21.2bn, estimated
- Top 30–40%, Health care €21.6bn, estimated
- Top 20–30%, Health care €15.6bn, estimated
- Top 10–20%, Health care €18.5bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Health care €15.9bn, estimated
- Result
- €209.4 billion
Why believe this?
Top 40–50%, Health care
€21.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 40, V11: 10.5; row 40, V12: 10.7
- As published
- €21.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 20–30%, Health care
€15.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 40, V15: 7.8; row 40, V16: 7.8
- As published
- €15.6 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 30–40%, Education
€12.9bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 41, V7: 6.3; row 41, V8: 6.6
- As published
- €12.9 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 20–30%, Education
€10.9bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 41, V15: 5.7; row 41, V16: 5.2
- As published
- €10.9 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10%, Social care and housing aid
€5.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.
Calculation
- Computed as
Social care and housing aid × Top 10%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid- From
- Social care and housing aid €107.7bn, estimated
- Top 10%, Social care and housing aid €5.5bn, estimated
- All groups, Social care and housing aid €116.3bn, estimated
- Result
- €5.1 billion
Why believe this?
Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid
€8.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 42, V13: 3.1; row 42, V14: 3.1; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 44, V14: 0.1; row 45, V13: 0.9; row 45, V14: 0.9
- As published
- €8.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid
€6.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 42, V17: 2.1; row 42, V18: 2; row 44, V17: 0.1; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 45, V17: 0.9; row 45, V18: 1
- As published
- €6.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure
€5.2bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 43, V1: 2.6; row 43, V2: 2.6
- As published
- €5.2 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Collective services
€26.5bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 46, V1: 14.6; row 46, V2: 11.9
- As published
- €26.5 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Top 40–50%, Collective services
€23.4bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 46, V11: 11.6; row 46, V12: 11.8
- As published
- €23.4 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Corporate tax
€711mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Calculation
- Computed as
Corporate tax × Bottom 10%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax- From
- Corporate tax €79.3bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Corporate tax €700m, estimated
- All groups, Corporate tax €78.1bn, estimated
- Result
- €0.7 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Pension contributions
€3.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
Calculation
- Computed as
Pension contributions × Bottom 10%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions- From
- Pension contributions €280.4bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Pension contributions €3.9bn, estimated
- All groups, Pension contributions €328.7bn, estimated
- Result
- €3.3 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, transfers received
€140.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.
Calculation
- Computed as
Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 10%, Pensions + Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 10%, Health care + Bottom 10%, Education + Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 10%, Collective services- From
- Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products €3.9bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production €693m, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Pensions €9.9bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits €5.4bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits €19.4bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Health care €20.9bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Education €20.7bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid €19.2bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure €4.1bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Collective services €36.8bn, estimated
- Result
- €140.9 billion
Why believe this?
Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products
€3.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on products × Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products- From
- Subsidies on products €44.2bn, estimated
- Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products €2.8bn, estimated
- All groups, Subsidies on products €32bn, estimated
- Result
- €3.9 billion