Official figures and this site's calculations

Why believe this?

Figures of one view and year of the diagram, with their sources and how they were computed, each under its own anchor. Back to Public money.

44 parts: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

Why believe this?

International cooperation paid

€10.3bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D74PAY time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€10,289.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 15 years

872,680Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y15 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
872,680 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2025, 30 years

779,877Observed2025

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y30 time=2025 · query this cell
As published
779,877 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 46 years

833,918Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y46 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
833,918 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2025, 67 years

791,451Observed2025

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y67 time=2025 · query this cell
As published
791,451 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 99 years

19,114Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y99 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
19,114 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights

496,452Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
Where
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 21, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
496,452
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023

7%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
Where
Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 7 “Revenus d'indépendants (2)”, column C
Published
17 February 2026
As published
7.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Other cash benefits

€147.7bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped
Published
16 April 2026
It says
row 33, Ensemble: 38; row 34, Ensemble: 33.6; row 35, Ensemble: 33.9; row 36, Ensemble: 22.9; row 37, Ensemble: 19.3
As published
€147.7 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Mean gross wealth, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024

€420,300Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Mean gross wealth of households by age of the reference person, euros.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024
Where
Sheet “AGE”, row 10 “70 ans ou plus”, column B
Published
26 February 2026
As published
€420,300
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

CSG on replacement income, 2024

€27.4bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients.

Where it comes from

Source
Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025
Where
Tableau 1, page 47
Published
June 2025
It says
CSG sur les revenus d'activité 108175; de remplacement 27353; du capital 17627 (M€, 2024)
As published
€27,353.0 million
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

3–10, share of Education by age profile

30.9%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).
From
  • Spending per pupil or student, pre-primary €8,493
  • Spending per pupil or student, primary €8,352
  • Spending per pupil or student, lower secondary €9,968
  • Spending per pupil or student, upper secondary €13,074
  • Spending per pupil or student, tertiary €15,856
  • 3–10, people, 2024 6.1 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
30.9%

Why believe this?

18–29, received a month per person

€1,480EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,480

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Pensions by age profile

0.1%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).
From
Result
0.1%

Why believe this?

30–39, Culture and leisure

€5.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Culture and leisure × 30–39, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€5.3 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile

23.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
23.2%

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Taxes on products by age profile

13.9%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).
From
Result
13.9%

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Education by age profile

0.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).
From
Result
0.2%

Why believe this?

65–79, share of Pensions by age profile

61.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).
From
Result
61.5%

Why believe this?

80 and over, transfers received

€196bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.

Calculation

Computed as
80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services
From
Result
€196.0 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, received a month per person

€1,370EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,370

Why believe this?

11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits

€176mEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€0.2 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, levies paid

€269.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions
From
Result
€269.8 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, received a month per person

€1,700EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,700

Why believe this?

65–79, net received a month per person

€2,240EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person
From
Result
€2,240

Why believe this?

0–2, CSG on capital income

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile

0%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
From
Result
0.0%

Why believe this?

11–17, Social care and housing aid

€16.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Social care and housing aid × 11–17, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€16.7 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, levies paid

€24.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions
From
Result
€24.7 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile

12.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).
From
Result
12.2%

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

14.4%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
14.4%

Why believe this?

40–49, Corporate tax

€10.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)
From
Result
€10.6 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

4.3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
4.3%

Why believe this?

0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile

0%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
0.0%

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

7.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
7.2%

Why believe this?

18–29, received a month per person

€1,470EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,470

Why believe this?

40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth

€5.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€5.1 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile

33.7%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
33.7%

Why believe this?

65–79, Income tax

€14.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€14.8 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, Other cash benefits

€4.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€4.3 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, Other contributions

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, Taxes on production

€20.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€20.1 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Income tax by age profile

10.1%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
10.1%

Why believe this?

30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile

23.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
23.2%

Why believe this?

80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits

€7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€7.0 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, Other cash benefits

€9.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€9.2 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, paid a month per person

€210EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€210

Why believe this?

18–29, paid a month per person

€1,550EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,550

Why believe this?

18–29, Taxes on production

€20.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€20.7 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, share of CSG by age profile

11.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
11.5%

Why believe this?

50–64, Other contributions

€62.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€62.9 billion

Why believe this?

65–79, Taxes on production

€2.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€2.4 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, transfers received

€196bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.

Calculation

Computed as
80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services
From
Result
€196.0 billion

Why believe this?

People in employment, ages 40 to 44, 2023, thousands

3,528.3Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08
Where
Sheet “PEMP01”, row 16 “De 40 à 44 ans”, column F
Published
15 July 2024
As published
3,528
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

11–17, people, 2024

6.0 millionObservedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2
From
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 11 years 846,155
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 11 years 834,912
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 12 years 849,030
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 12 years 850,791
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 13 years 871,784
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 13 years 853,400
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 14 years 863,403
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 14 years 877,526
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 15 years 872,680
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 15 years 871,050
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 16 years 859,104
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 16 years 873,075
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 17 years 861,729
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 17 years 854,120
Result
6,019,380

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile

0.7%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
0.7%

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile

10%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
10.0%

Why believe this?

30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile

21.6%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
21.6%

Why believe this?

30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile

10.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
From
Result
10.5%

Why believe this?

50–64, Corporate tax

€23.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)
From
Result
€23.3 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, Taxes on production

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, Pension contributions

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, Income tax

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile

0.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
0.5%

Why believe this?

30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile

21.6%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
21.6%

Why believe this?

30–39, CSG on capital income

€1.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€1.8 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, paid a month per person

€2,790EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€2,790

Why believe this?

40–49, share of CSG by age profile

21.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
21.5%

Why believe this?

40–49, Pension contributions

€81.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€81.5 billion

Why believe this?

65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

5.1%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
5.1%

Why believe this?

0–2, people, 2024

2.0 millionObservedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2
From
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 0 years 629,245
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 0 years 613,930
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 1 year 678,552
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 1 year 633,124
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 2 years 701,058
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 2 years 680,945
Result
1,968,427

Why believe this?

11–17, received a month per person

€1,780EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,780

Why believe this?

11–17, Subsidies on production

€478mEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.5 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile

10.8%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
10.8%

Why believe this?

30–39, levies paid

€225bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions
From
Result
€225.0 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Income tax

€22bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€22.0 billion

Why believe this?

65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile

15.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
15.5%

Why believe this?

80 and over, paid a month per person

€840EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€840

Why believe this?

80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile

0.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
0.2%

Why believe this?

18–29, received a month per person

€1,480EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,480

Why believe this?

0–2, paid a month per person

€170EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€170

Why believe this?

30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile

10.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
From
Result
10.5%

Why believe this?

11–17, levies paid

€24.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions
From
Result
€24.7 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, people, 2024

9.5 millionObservedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2
From
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 18 years 827,859
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 18 years 848,632
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 19 years 810,270
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 19 years 812,932
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 20 years 787,905
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 20 years 794,105
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 21 years 788,021
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 21 years 777,960
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 22 years 797,408
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 22 years 782,428
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 23 years 812,904
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 23 years 796,489
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 24 years 779,281
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 24 years 816,131
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 25 years 778,675
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 25 years 783,800
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 26 years 768,044
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 26 years 785,902
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 27 years 776,109
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 27 years 778,127
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 28 years 777,205
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 28 years 786,300
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 29 years 767,461
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 29 years 789,717
Result
9,511,833

Why believe this?

0–2 → Social contributions, 2024

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.

Calculation

Computed as
0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

General government → Subsidies, 2024

€98bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2024

Definition

What it counts
The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production
From
Result
€98.0 billion