Official figures and this site's calculations
Why believe this?
Figures of one view and year of the diagram, with their sources and how they were computed, each under its own anchor. Back to Public money.
43 parts: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
Why believe this?
General public services
€174.8bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Executive and legislative bodies, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs and debt interest.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF01time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €174,763.5 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 82 years
351,223Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y82time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 351,223 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2023, 90 years
197,489Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y90time=2023· query this cell- As published
- 197,489 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Population on 1 January 2024, 96 years
53,392Observed2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
demo_pjan(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=NRsex=Tage=Y96time=2024· query this cell- As published
- 53,392 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Everyone, Famille, Insee
€33.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 34 “Famille”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €33.6 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Spending per pupil or student, pre-primary
€8,493Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
educ_uoe_fini04(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=EURsector=TOT_SECisced11=ED02time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €8,493
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-15, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Spending per pupil or student, tertiary
€15,856Observed2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
educ_uoe_fini04(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=EURsector=TOT_SECisced11=ED5-8time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €15,856
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-15, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
Collective services
€332.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Collective services ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06- From
- Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home €430bn
- Collective services €239.4bn, estimated
- Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06 €309.3bn, estimated
- Result
- €332.8 billion
Why believe this?
Professional wealth share, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, %
7.7%Estimated2024
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024
- Where
- Sheet “AGE”, row 6 “De 30 à 39 ans”, column E
- Published
- 26 February 2026
- As published
- 7.7%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023
15.9%Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
- Where
- Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column F
- Published
- 17 February 2026
- As published
- 15.9%
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
3–10, net received a month per person
€1,260EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person- From
- 3–10, received a month per person €1,470, estimated
- 3–10, paid a month per person €210, estimated
- Result
- €1,260
Why believe this?
11–17, Education
€54.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Education × 11–17, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Education €141.6bn, estimated
- 11–17, share of Education by age profile 38.6%, estimated
- Result
- €54.6 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth
€2.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Other taxes on income and wealth €24.7bn, estimated
- 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 11.3%, estimated
- Result
- €2.8 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Other contributions
€47.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Other contributions €182.4bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile 25.9%, estimated
- Result
- €47.3 billion
Why believe this?
80 and over, Education
€11.6mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Education × 80 and over, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Education €141.6bn, estimated
- 80 and over, share of Education by age profile 0.0082%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
3–10, Corporate tax
€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
- Caveat
- Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
- Computed as
3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)- From
- 3–10, Corporate tax €0m, estimated
- Share of French companies' equity held outside France 20%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, Corporate tax
€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
- Caveat
- Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
- Computed as
11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)- From
- 11–17, Corporate tax €0m, estimated
- Share of French companies' equity held outside France 20%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, people, 2023
8.6 millionObservedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).
Calculation
- Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2- From
- Population on 1 January 2023, 40 years 880,645
- Population on 1 January 2024, 40 years 842,081
- Population on 1 January 2023, 41 years 885,362
- Population on 1 January 2024, 41 years 887,853
- Population on 1 January 2023, 42 years 898,493
- Population on 1 January 2024, 42 years 887,177
- Population on 1 January 2023, 43 years 845,237
- Population on 1 January 2024, 43 years 905,206
- Population on 1 January 2023, 44 years 828,897
- Population on 1 January 2024, 44 years 850,755
- Population on 1 January 2023, 45 years 828,762
- Population on 1 January 2024, 45 years 832,575
- Population on 1 January 2023, 46 years 804,801
- Population on 1 January 2024, 46 years 833,918
- Population on 1 January 2023, 47 years 828,913
- Population on 1 January 2024, 47 years 808,524
- Population on 1 January 2023, 48 years 869,878
- Population on 1 January 2024, 48 years 830,531
- Population on 1 January 2023, 49 years 909,491
- Population on 1 January 2024, 49 years 871,476
- Result
- 8,565,288
Why believe this?
40–49, paid a month per person
€2,560EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 40–49, levies paid €262.7bn, estimated
- 40–49, people, 2023 8.6 million
- Result
- €2,560
Why believe this?
0–2, paid a month per person
€370EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 0–2, levies paid €9.1bn, estimated
- 0–2, people, 2023 2.0 million
- Result
- €370
Why believe this?
0–2, Corporate tax
€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
- Caveat
- Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
- Computed as
0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)- From
- 0–2, Corporate tax €0m, estimated
- Share of French companies' equity held outside France 20%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
3–10, Subsidies on products
€4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on products × 3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Subsidies on products €44.2bn, estimated
- 3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile 9.1%, estimated
- Result
- €4.0 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, received a month per person
€1,710EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 11–17, transfers received €123.3bn, estimated
- 11–17, people, 2023 6.0 million
- Result
- €1,710
Why believe this?
11–17, Subsidies on products
€3.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on products × 11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Subsidies on products €44.2bn, estimated
- 11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile 8.8%, estimated
- Result
- €3.9 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, levies paid
€28bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
- Computed as
11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions- From
- 11–17, Taxes on products €26.8bn, estimated
- 11–17, Taxes on production €208m, estimated
- 11–17, Corporate tax €0m, estimated
- 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits €173m, estimated
- 11–17, CSG on capital income €0m, estimated
- 11–17, Income tax €0m, estimated
- 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth €28.5m, estimated
- 11–17, Pension contributions €456m, estimated
- 11–17, Other contributions €297m, estimated
- Result
- €28.0 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, received a month per person
€1,250EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 30–39, transfers received €126bn, estimated
- 30–39, people, 2023 8.4 million
- Result
- €1,250
Why believe this?
65–79, Taxes on products
€46.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
- Caveat
- Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
- Computed as
65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)- From
- 65–79, Taxes on products €48.8bn, estimated
- Share of consumption by visitors 4.4%, estimated
- Result
- €46.7 billion
Why believe this?
65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits
€18.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income- From
- 65–79, CSG €22.7bn, estimated
- 65–79, CSG on capital income €4.4bn, estimated
- Result
- €18.3 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, paid a month per person
€2,560EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 40–49, levies paid €262.7bn, estimated
- 40–49, people, 2023 8.6 million
- Result
- €2,560
Why believe this?
50–64, transfers received
€259.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.
Calculation
- Computed as
50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services- From
- 50–64, Subsidies on products €9.6bn, estimated
- 50–64, Subsidies on production €17.6bn, estimated
- 50–64, Pensions €51.7bn, estimated
- 50–64, Unemployment benefits €12.2bn, estimated
- 50–64, Other cash benefits €29.8bn, estimated
- 50–64, Health care €52.5bn, estimated
- 50–64, Education €308m, estimated
- 50–64, Social care and housing aid €13.8bn, estimated
- 50–64, Culture and leisure €8bn, estimated
- 50–64, Collective services €64.3bn, estimated
- Result
- €259.7 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, paid a month per person
€170EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 0–2, levies paid €4.1bn, estimated
- 0–2, people, 2023 2.0 million
- Result
- €170
Why believe this?
11–17, Taxes on production
€207mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Taxes on production €128.1bn, estimated
- 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile 0.2%, estimated
- Result
- €0.2 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, Income tax
€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Income tax €103.3bn, estimated
- 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile 0%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Other cash benefits
€23.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Other cash benefits €137.4bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile 17%, estimated
- Result
- €23.3 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Corporate tax
€10.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
- Caveat
- Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)- From
- 40–49, Corporate tax €12.9bn, estimated
- Share of French companies' equity held outside France 20%, estimated
- Result
- €10.3 billion
Why believe this?
80 and over, Taxes on production
€317mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Taxes on production €128.1bn, estimated
- 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile 0.2%, estimated
- Result
- €0.3 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, Subsidies on production
€17.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Subsidies on production €53bn, estimated
- 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile 33.4%, estimated
- Result
- €17.7 billion
Why believe this?
65–79, Pension contributions
€5.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Pension contributions €280.4bn, estimated
- 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile 1.8%, estimated
- Result
- €5.1 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, CSG on capital income
€433mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
- Caveat
- An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100- From
- CSG on capital income €16.9bn, estimated
- 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 2.6%, estimated
- Result
- €0.4 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, CSG on capital income
€2.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
- Caveat
- An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100- From
- CSG on capital income €16.9bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 16.3%, estimated
- Result
- €2.7 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, Pension contributions
€92.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Pension contributions €280.4bn, estimated
- 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile 33%, estimated
- Result
- €92.6 billion
Why believe this?
65–79, Income tax
€14.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Income tax €103.3bn, estimated
- 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile 13.8%, estimated
- Result
- €14.2 billion
Why believe this?
People in employment, ages 50 to 54, 2023, thousands
3,700.1Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08
- Where
- Sheet “PEMP01”, row 19 “De 50 à 54 ans”, column F
- Published
- 15 July 2024
- As published
- 3,700
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
0–2, paid a month per person
€170EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 0–2, levies paid €4.1bn, estimated
- 0–2, people, 2023 2.0 million
- Result
- €170
Why believe this?
0–2, CSG
€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100- From
- CSG €149.8bn, estimated
- 0–2, share of CSG by age profile 0%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, Other contributions
€1.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Other contributions €182.4bn, estimated
- 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile 0.7%, estimated
- Result
- €1.3 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, net received a month per person
€60EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person- From
- 18–29, received a month per person €1,420, estimated
- 18–29, paid a month per person €1,360, estimated
- Result
- €60
Why believe this?
18–29, Subsidies on production
€7.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Subsidies on production €53bn, estimated
- 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile 13.5%, estimated
- Result
- €7.2 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Subsidies on production
€14.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Subsidies on production €53bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile 27.1%, estimated
- Result
- €14.3 billion
Why believe this?
65–79, CSG on capital income
€4.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
- Caveat
- An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100- From
- CSG on capital income €16.9bn, estimated
- 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 26.2%, estimated
- Result
- €4.4 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, Other cash benefits
€18.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Other cash benefits €137.4bn, estimated
- 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile 13.3%, estimated
- Result
- €18.3 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, Subsidies on production
€11.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Subsidies on production €53bn, estimated
- 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile 21.6%, estimated
- Result
- €11.4 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, levies paid
€219.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
- Computed as
30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions- From
- 30–39, Taxes on products €41.6bn, estimated
- 30–39, Taxes on production €27.6bn, estimated
- 30–39, Corporate tax €4.9bn, estimated
- 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits €23bn, estimated
- 30–39, CSG on capital income €1.8bn, estimated
- 30–39, Income tax €16.4bn, estimated
- 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth €4.1bn, estimated
- 30–39, Pension contributions €60.5bn, estimated
- 30–39, Other contributions €39.4bn, estimated
- Result
- €219.2 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, Pension contributions
€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Pension contributions €280.4bn, estimated
- 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile 0%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, levies paid
€29.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
- Computed as
11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions- From
- 11–17, Taxes on products €23.3bn, estimated
- 11–17, Taxes on production €1.1bn, estimated
- 11–17, Corporate tax €0m, estimated
- 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits €951m, estimated
- 11–17, CSG on capital income €0m, estimated
- 11–17, Income tax €0m, estimated
- 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth €157m, estimated
- 11–17, Pension contributions €2.5bn, estimated
- 11–17, Other contributions €1.6bn, estimated
- Result
- €29.6 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, CSG
€24.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100- From
- CSG €149.8bn, estimated
- 30–39, share of CSG by age profile 16.4%, estimated
- Result
- €24.6 billion
Why believe this?
65–79, paid a month per person
€940EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12- From
- 65–79, levies paid €118.4bn, estimated
- 65–79, people, 2023 10.5 million
- Result
- €940
Why believe this?
80 and over, levies paid
€41.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
- Computed as
80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions- From
- 80 and over, Taxes on products €18.5bn, estimated
- 80 and over, Taxes on production €297m, estimated
- 80 and over, Corporate tax €6.5bn, estimated
- 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits €6.7bn, estimated
- 80 and over, CSG on capital income €1.7bn, estimated
- 80 and over, Income tax €5.1bn, estimated
- 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth €1.4bn, estimated
- 80 and over, Pension contributions €649m, estimated
- 80 and over, Other contributions €422m, estimated
- Result
- €41.3 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Income tax
€20.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Income tax €103.3bn, estimated
- 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile 19.6%, estimated
- Result
- €20.3 billion
Why believe this?
65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits
€18.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income- From
- 65–79, CSG €22.7bn, estimated
- 65–79, CSG on capital income €4.4bn, estimated
- Result
- €18.3 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, Income tax
€119mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Income tax €103.3bn, estimated
- 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile 0.1%, estimated
- Result
- €0.1 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits
€39bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income- From
- 50–64, CSG €44.8bn, estimated
- 50–64, CSG on capital income €5.8bn, estimated
- Result
- €39.0 billion
Why believe this?
80 and over, Income tax
€5.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Income tax €103.3bn, estimated
- 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile 5.6%, estimated
- Result
- €5.8 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, transfers received
€35.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.
Calculation
- Computed as
0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services- From
- 0–2, Subsidies on products €590m, estimated
- 0–2, Subsidies on production €0m, estimated
- 0–2, Pensions €0m, estimated
- 0–2, Unemployment benefits €0m, estimated
- 0–2, Other cash benefits €8.9bn, estimated
- 0–2, Health care €2.8bn, estimated
- 0–2, Education €510m, estimated
- 0–2, Social care and housing aid €11.4bn, estimated
- 0–2, Culture and leisure €1.2bn, estimated
- 0–2, Collective services €9.9bn, estimated
- Result
- €35.4 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits
€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.
Calculation
- Computed as
0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income- From
- 0–2, CSG €0m, estimated
- 0–2, CSG on capital income €0m, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
3–10, CSG
€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100- From
- CSG €149.8bn, estimated
- 3–10, share of CSG by age profile 0%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth
€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
- Caveat
- A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
- Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100- From
- Other taxes on income and wealth €24.7bn, estimated
- 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 0%, estimated
- Result
- €0.0 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, levies paid
€169.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
- Computed as
18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions- From
- 18–29, Taxes on products €46.1bn, estimated
- 18–29, Taxes on production €19.8bn, estimated
- 18–29, Corporate tax €1.7bn, estimated
- 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits €16.5bn, estimated
- 18–29, CSG on capital income €433m, estimated
- 18–29, Income tax €10.5bn, estimated
- 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth €2.8bn, estimated
- 18–29, Pension contributions €43.4bn, estimated
- 18–29, Other contributions €28.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €169.5 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, levies through companies
€4.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.
Calculation
- Computed as
0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax- From
- 0–2, Taxes on products €4.1bn, estimated
- 0–2, Taxes on production €0m, estimated
- 0–2, Corporate tax €0m, estimated
- Result
- €4.1 billion
Why believe this?
Cash benefits → 0–2, 2023
€8.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.
Calculation
- Computed as
0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits- From
- 0–2, Pensions €0m, estimated
- 0–2, Unemployment benefits €0m, estimated
- 0–2, Other cash benefits €8.9bn, estimated
- Result
- €8.9 billion
Why believe this?
Transfers in kind → 3–10, 2023
€65.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.
Calculation
- Computed as
3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure- From
- 3–10, Health care €8.3bn, estimated
- 3–10, Education €44.3bn, estimated
- 3–10, Social care and housing aid €9bn, estimated
- 3–10, Culture and leisure €3.8bn, estimated
- Result
- €65.4 billion