Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 6,000 to 8,000 euros, 2023, file weights
543,168Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 08, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
543,168
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights
110,424Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 06, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
110,424
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 24,000 to 26,000 euros, 2023, file weights
464,832Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 17, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
464,832
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 0 to 200 euros, 2023, file weights
8,772Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
Everyone, Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé, Insee
€19.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€19.3 billion
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Education
€141.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF09time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€141,554.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59
29,319.6EstimatedCalculated by this site2024
Definition
What it counts
The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.
Calculation
Computed as
Mean gross wealth, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % ÷ 100
Financial wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19.7%, estimated
Professional wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 13.5%, estimated
Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%, estimated
Result
29,320
Why believe this?
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023
14.9%Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Pensions × 11–17, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100
11–17, share of Pensions by age profile 0%, estimated
Result
€0.0 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, share of Education by age profile
38.6%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).
30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile
23.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €120.1bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €171.4bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €192.7bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €195.4bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €54.8bn, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827, estimated
30–39, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile
12.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).
Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Collective services × 50–64, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100
50–64, share of Collective services by age profile 19.3%, estimated
Result
€64.3 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, share of Taxes on products by age profile
21.6%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).
50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile
34.3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile
33.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €120.1bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €171.4bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €192.7bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €195.4bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €54.8bn, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827, estimated
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 14.5%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 15.6%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 16.9%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 19.5%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 15.9%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 14.9%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 99.2%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 101.7%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 100%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 91.5%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 14.9%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 4.2%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 2.5%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 0.9%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 1.7%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 12.2%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 80.5%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 88.8%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 4.7%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 4.9%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 8%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 11.3%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 18.2%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 20.6%, estimated
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 10.2%, estimated
Result
€1.7 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, share of Subsidies on products by age profile
3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions
0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile
0%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €119.2bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €169.3bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €193.5bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €197.8bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €59bn, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827, estimated
VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
Computed as
3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 0%, estimated
Result
€0.0 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile
0.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €119.2bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €169.3bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €193.5bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €197.8bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €59bn, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827, estimated
30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile
22.8%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €119.2bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €169.3bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €193.5bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €197.8bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €59bn, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827, estimated
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 14.5%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 15.6%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 16.9%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 19.5%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 15.9%, estimated
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 14.9%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 99.2%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 101.7%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 100%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 91.5%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 14.9%, estimated
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 4.2%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 2.5%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 0.9%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 1.7%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 12.2%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 80.5%, estimated
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 88.8%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 4.7%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 4.9%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 8%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 11.3%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 18.2%, estimated
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 20.6%, estimated
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile 1.9%, estimated
Result
€3.5 billion
Why believe this?
3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile
0%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions
The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile 4.9%, estimated
Result
€5.1 billion
Why believe this?
3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile
0%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827, estimated
11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile
0.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827, estimated
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
30–39, share of Income tax by age profile 17%, estimated
Result
€17.5 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile
23.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn, estimated
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013, estimated
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827, estimated
Everyone, Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé, Insee €19.3bn, estimated
40–49, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile 8.3%, estimated
Result
17.0%
Why believe this?
18–29, Other cash benefits
€18.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100
18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile 13.6%, estimated
Result
€18.6 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile
13.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 16.3%, estimated
Result
€2.7 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile
35.1%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile
35.1%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
0–2, share of Income tax by age profile 0%, estimated
Result
€0.0 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile
0%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 16.3%, estimated
Result
€2.7 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile
26.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
Share of French companies' equity held outside France 20%, estimated
Result
€0.0 billion
Why believe this?
80 and over, levies paid
€43.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
From
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 3,236.8, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 9,295.1, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 19,710, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 29,319.6, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 27,264.8, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 32,237, estimated
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
From
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 3,236.8, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 9,295.1, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 19,710, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 29,319.6, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 27,264.8, estimated
Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 32,237, estimated
The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.