Official figures and this site's calculations

Why believe this?

Figures of one view and year of the diagram, with their sources and how they were computed, each under its own anchor. Back to Public money.

43 parts: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

Why believe this?

Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06

€309.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production + Collective services
From
Result
€309.3 billion

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 8 years

800,309Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y8 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
800,309 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2023, 13 years

858,304Observed2023

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y13 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
858,304 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2023, 39 years

835,899Observed2023

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y39 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
835,899 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2023, 68 years

772,724Observed2023

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y68 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
772,724 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 71 years

750,658Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y71 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
750,658 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 1,000 to 1,500 euros, 2023, file weights

19,752Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
Where
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 03, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
19,752
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Spending per pupil or student, primary

€8,352Observed2023

Definition

What it counts
Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset educ_uoe_fini04 (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=EUR sector=TOT_SEC isced11=ED1 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€8,352
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-15, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Departments' help to the disabled in care homes, 2023, € thousands

6.5 millionEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.

Where it comes from

Source
DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024
Where
Sheet “Données nationales”, row 52 “Aide à l’accueil, dont :”, column AB
Published
17 April 2026
As published
6,452,497
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Corporate tax

€79.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on income and wealth × Corporate tax ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth
From
Result
€79.3 billion

Why believe this?

Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023

1.7%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
Where
Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column D
Published
17 February 2026
As published
1.7%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

8.4%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
8.4%

Why believe this?

3–10, Corporate tax

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Corporate tax × 3–10, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, CSG on capital income

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Health care by age profile

3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).
From
Result
3.0%

Why believe this?

30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth

€4.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€4.4 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits

€27.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€27.6 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile

20.2%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
20.2%

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile

25.9%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
25.9%

Why believe this?

65–79, Other contributions

€3.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€3.3 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, share of Pensions by age profile

24.4%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).
From
Result
24.4%

Why believe this?

80 and over, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile

2.8%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).
From
Result
2.8%

Why believe this?

3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

0.4%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
0.4%

Why believe this?

3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits

€16.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€16.5 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, CSG on capital income

€2.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€2.7 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile

19.3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).
From
Result
19.3%

Why believe this?

0–2, Social care and housing aid

€11.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Social care and housing aid × 0–2, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€11.9 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, net received a month per person

€1,310EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person
From
Result
€1,310

Why believe this?

50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits

€39bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€39.0 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, paid a month per person

€340EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12
From
Result
€340

Why believe this?

18–29, CSG

€16.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€16.7 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile

15.3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
15.3%

Why believe this?

40–49, Subsidies on production

€13.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€13.7 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile

33.7%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
33.7%

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile

33.7%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
33.7%

Why believe this?

80 and over, paid a month per person

€840EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12
From
Result
€840

Why believe this?

80 and over, share of CSG by age profile

5.6%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
5.6%

Why believe this?

0–2, Subsidies on production

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, received a month per person

€1,470EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,470

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile

15.3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
15.3%

Why believe this?

30–39, net received a month per person

€−1,040EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person
From
Result
€−1,040

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Income tax by age profile

33.7%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
33.7%

Why believe this?

65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits

€18.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€18.2 billion

Why believe this?

65–79, Other contributions

€3.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€3.3 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, net received a month per person

€2,940EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person
From
Result
€2,940

Why believe this?

80 and over, people, 2023

4.1 millionObservedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2
From
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 80 years 402,370
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 80 years 431,640
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 81 years 348,046
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 81 years 389,750
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 82 years 351,223
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 82 years 337,317
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 83 years 355,316
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 83 years 337,301
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 84 years 334,528
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 84 years 338,904
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 85 years 312,268
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 85 years 315,950
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 86 years 294,601
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 86 years 293,467
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 87 years 267,310
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 87 years 277,246
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 88 years 248,255
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 88 years 248,051
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 89 years 216,078
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 89 years 229,054
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 90 years 197,489
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 90 years 196,799
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 91 years 168,227
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 91 years 177,323
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 92 years 139,940
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 92 years 148,566
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 93 years 108,708
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 93 years 120,839
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 94 years 87,754
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 94 years 91,884
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 95 years 66,223
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 95 years 72,440
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 96 years 51,268
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 96 years 53,392
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 97 years 37,218
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 97 years 40,085
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 98 years 25,770
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 98 years 28,314
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 99 years 18,553
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 99 years 19,114
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 100 and over 29,956
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 100 and over 33,215
Result
4,120,876

Why believe this?

0–2, levies paid

€4.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions
From
Result
€4.1 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

8.4%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
8.4%

Why believe this?

3–10, Income tax

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, Other contributions

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile

25.8%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
25.8%

Why believe this?

65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile

1.8%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
1.8%

Why believe this?

80 and over, Other contributions

€451mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.5 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, Corporate tax

€1.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)
From
Result
€1.7 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, received a month per person

€1,240EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,240

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

17.3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
17.3%

Why believe this?

40–49, share of CSG by age profile

21.1%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
21.1%

Why believe this?

50–64, Other contributions

€63.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€63.4 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, people, 2023

4.1 millionObservedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2
From
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 80 years 402,370
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 80 years 431,640
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 81 years 348,046
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 81 years 389,750
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 82 years 351,223
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 82 years 337,317
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 83 years 355,316
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 83 years 337,301
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 84 years 334,528
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 84 years 338,904
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 85 years 312,268
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 85 years 315,950
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 86 years 294,601
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 86 years 293,467
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 87 years 267,310
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 87 years 277,246
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 88 years 248,255
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 88 years 248,051
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 89 years 216,078
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 89 years 229,054
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 90 years 197,489
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 90 years 196,799
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 91 years 168,227
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 91 years 177,323
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 92 years 139,940
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 92 years 148,566
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 93 years 108,708
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 93 years 120,839
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 94 years 87,754
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 94 years 91,884
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 95 years 66,223
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 95 years 72,440
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 96 years 51,268
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 96 years 53,392
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 97 years 37,218
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 97 years 40,085
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 98 years 25,770
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 98 years 28,314
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 99 years 18,553
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 99 years 19,114
  • Population on 1 January 2023, 100 and over 29,956
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 100 and over 33,215
Result
4,120,876

Why believe this?

0–2, Taxes on production

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, Subsidies on production

€6.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€6.7 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

13.3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
13.3%

Why believe this?

30–39, Other cash benefits

€22.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€22.1 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile

10.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
From
Result
10.5%

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

17.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Result
17.5%

Why believe this?

40–49, Corporate tax

€10.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)
From
Result
€10.3 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Income tax by age profile

22.1%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
22.1%

Why believe this?

50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile

34.3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
From
Result
34.3%

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile

35.1%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
35.1%

Why believe this?

65–79, received a month per person

€3,070EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12
From
Result
€3,070

Why believe this?

11–17, Other cash benefits

€10bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€10.0 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, paid a month per person

€410EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12
From
Result
€410

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Income tax by age profile

0%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
0.0%

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile

10.8%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Result
10.8%

Why believe this?

11–17, Income tax

€0mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, received a month per person

€1,430EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,430

Why believe this?

50–64, levies paid

€374.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions
From
Result
€374.1 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, CSG on capital income

€1.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€1.7 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, paid a month per person

€170EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12
From
Result
€170

Why believe this?

3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile

0%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
From
Result
0.0%

Why believe this?

18–29, CSG on capital income

€433mEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.4 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth

€7.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€7.4 billion

Why believe this?

Cash benefits → 40–49, 2023

€33.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits
From
Result
€33.1 billion