Official figures and this site's calculations

Why believe this?

Figures of one view and year of the diagram, with their sources and how they were computed, each under its own anchor. Back to Public money.

2 parts: 1 2

Why believe this?

18–29, received a month per person

€1,320EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,320

Why believe this?

18–29, receives

€86.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Cash benefits + 18–29, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€86.5 billion

Why believe this?

Cash benefits

€550.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The sum of the year's items of this kind.

Calculation

Computed as
Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits
From
Result
€550.2 billion

Why believe this?

Social protection

€657.9bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
Old age, survivors, sickness and disability, family, unemployment, housing and social exclusion.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF10 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€657,931.3 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Pensions

€397.9bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€397.9 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Social care and housing aid

€115.8bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped
Published
16 April 2026
It says
row 42, Ensemble: 80.8; row 44, Ensemble: 16.1; row 45, Ensemble: 18.9
As published
€115.8 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Unemployment benefits

€42.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Social protection × Unemployment benefits ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection
From
Result
€42.9 billion

Why believe this?

Other cash benefits

€137.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Social protection × Other cash benefits ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection
From
Result
€137.4 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, Cash benefits

€17.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Cash benefits, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€17.8 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, consumption units, millions

4.2EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.777 units per person
From
Result
4

Why believe this?

Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee

47Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Number of consumption units, in millions: the first adult of a household counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 58 “Nombre d'unités de consommation (en millions)”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
47
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18-29 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee

8%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
8.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

65 ans ou plus, Part d'individus (en %), Insee

21%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
21.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Everyone, Part d'individus (en %), Insee

100%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column G (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
100.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18-29 ans, Extended primary income, Insee

€41,400Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€41,400
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

65 ans ou plus, Extended primary income, Insee

€16,000Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€16,000
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Everyone, Extended primary income, Insee

€44,300Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column G (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€44,300
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30-39 ans, Prélèvements, Insee

€30,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€30,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40-49 ans, Prélèvements, Insee

€31,500Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€31,500
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50-64 ans, Prélèvements, Insee

€33,800Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€33,800
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18-29 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee

€4,200Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€4,200
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

65 ans ou plus, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee

€28,700Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€28,700
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Everyone, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee

€12,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column G (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€12,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30-39 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee

€15,400Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€15,400
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40-49 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee

€16,000Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€16,000
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50-64 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee

€13,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€13,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18-29 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee

€35,400Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€35,400
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

65 ans ou plus, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee

€47,700Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€47,700
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Everyone, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee

€44,300Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column G (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€44,300
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Everyone, Cash benefits, per unit

€12,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column G (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€12,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30–39, consumption units, millions

7.9EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.576 units per person
From
Result
8

Why believe this?

30–39, share of individuals

20%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
20.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30–39, Cash benefits, per unit

€5,400Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€5,400
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40–49, share of individuals

25%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
25.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40–49, Cash benefits, per unit

€5,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€5,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50–64, consumption units, millions

13.4EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.751 units per person
From
Result
13

Why believe this?

50–64, share of individuals

26%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
26.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50–64, Cash benefits, per unit

€10,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€10,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

65 and over, consumption units, millions

11.7EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.813 units per person
From
Result
12

Why believe this?

18–29, Non-cash transfers

€69.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 18–29, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€69.9 billion

Why believe this?

Health care

€249.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Health × Health care ÷ Health care
From
Result
€249.7 billion

Why believe this?

Health

€249.7bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
Hospitals, outpatient care and medicines.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF07 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€249,676.4 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Education

€141.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Education × Education ÷ Education
From
Result
€141.6 billion

Why believe this?

Education

€141.6bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
Schools and universities.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF09 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€141,554.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Culture and leisure

€41.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Recreation, culture and religion × Culture and leisure ÷ Culture and leisure
From
Result
€41.4 billion

Why believe this?

Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home

€430bnObservedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The collective spending categories without the transfers to the rest of the world, which are drawn to Outside France.

Calculation

Computed as
Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies − EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) − International cooperation paid − Capital transfers to the rest of the world
From
  • Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies €465.1bn
  • EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) €23.9bn
  • International cooperation paid €10.8bn
  • Capital transfers to the rest of the world €373m
Result
€430,024.7 million

Why believe this?

General public services

€174.8bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
Executive and legislative bodies, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs and debt interest.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF01 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€174,763.5 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Public order and safety

€48.7bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
Police, justice, prisons and fire.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF03 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€48,711.9 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Environmental protection

€28.9bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
Waste, water and pollution management.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF05 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€28,935.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources)

€23.9bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D76PAY time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€23,876.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

International cooperation paid

€10.8bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D74PAY time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€10,833.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Capital transfers to the rest of the world

€373mObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D9PAY_S2 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€373.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Collective services

€239.4bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€239.4 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Subsidies on production

€38.1bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€38.1 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit

€14,000Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€14,000
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone

100%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100
From
Result
100.0%

Why believe this?

Non-cash transfers

€742.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit for everyone times all units.

Calculation

Computed as
Everyone, Non-cash transfers, per unit × Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee ÷ 1000
From
Result
€742.6 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit

€19,100Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€19,100
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18–29, people

5.5 millionEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000
From
Result
5,472,000

Why believe this?

18–29, Cash benefits

€15.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 18–29, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€15.9 billion

Why believe this?

Cash benefits, scale to everyone

108.6%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100
From
Result
108.6%

Why believe this?

40–49, consumption units, millions

11.8EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person
From
Result
12

Why believe this?

18–29, Non-cash transfers

€52.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€52.8 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, paid a month per person

€1,380EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,380

Why believe this?

18–29, Levies, net of subsidies

€90.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€90.7 billion

Why believe this?

Taxes on products

€318.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production and imports × Taxes on products ÷ Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports
From
Result
€318.8 billion

Why believe this?

Taxes on production and imports

€446.9bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
VAT, excise duties on energy, tobacco and alcohol, and taxes on payroll and on business property, as received by general government.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D2REC time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€446,907.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Taxes on production

€128bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€128.0 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Corporate tax

€78bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€78.0 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth

€351.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.

Calculation

Computed as
Corporate tax + CSG + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth
From
Result
€351.2 billion

Why believe this?

CSG

€147.3bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€147.3 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Income tax

€101.6bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€101.6 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Other taxes on income and wealth

€24.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on income and wealth × Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth
From
Result
€24.7 billion

Why believe this?

Pension contributions

€328.9bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€328.9 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions

€542.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.

Calculation

Computed as
Pension contributions + Other contributions
From
Result
€542.9 billion

Why believe this?

Other contributions

€214bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped
Published
16 April 2026
It says
row 29, Ensemble: -142.8; row 27, Ensemble: -33.2; row 28, Ensemble: -38
As published
€214.0 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Subsidies on products

€44.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Subsidies on products ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06
From
Result
€44.2 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit

€23,200Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€23,200
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone

99.8%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100
From
Result
99.8%

Why believe this?

Levies, net of subsidies

€1,269bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit for everyone times all units.

Calculation

Computed as
Everyone, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee ÷ 1000
From
Result
€1,269.0 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit

€14,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Where it comes from

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€14,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18–29, Levies, net of subsidies

€85bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€85.0 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Cash benefits

€51.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 30–39, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€51.2 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Non-cash transfers

€145.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€145.2 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, people

13.7 millionEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000
From
Result
13,680,000

Why believe this?

30–39, received a month per person

€1,110EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,110

Why believe this?

30–39, receives

€182bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Cash benefits + 30–39, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€182.0 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Cash benefits

€42.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Cash benefits, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€42.5 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Non-cash transfers

€142.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 30–39, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€142.5 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Levies, net of subsidies

€280.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€280.3 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, paid a month per person

€1,350EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,350

Why believe this?

30–39, Levies, net of subsidies

€221.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€221.7 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, received a month per person

€1,400EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,400

Why believe this?

40–49, receives

€288.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Cash benefits + 40–49, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€288.2 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Cash benefits

€71.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Cash benefits, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€71.5 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Non-cash transfers

€221.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 40–49, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€221.8 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Cash benefits

€51.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 40–49, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€51.2 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Non-cash transfers

€157.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€157.4 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, paid a month per person

€1,620EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,620

Why believe this?

40–49, Levies, net of subsidies

€332.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€332.5 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Levies, net of subsidies

€309.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€309.4 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, received a month per person

€1,620EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,620

Why believe this?

50–64, receives

€345bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Cash benefits + 50–64, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€345.0 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Cash benefits

€141.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Cash benefits, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€141.5 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Non-cash transfers

€213.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 50–64, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€213.5 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, people

17.8 millionEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000
From
Result
17,784,000

Why believe this?

50–64, Cash benefits

€130.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 50–64, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€130.7 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Non-cash transfers

€166.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€166.8 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, paid a month per person

€1,950EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,950

Why believe this?

50–64, Levies, net of subsidies

€415.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€415.3 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Levies, net of subsidies

€402.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€402.5 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, received a month per person

€3,330EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€3,330

Why believe this?

65 and over, receives

€573.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Cash benefits + 65 and over, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€573.7 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Cash benefits

€335.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€335.2 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Non-cash transfers

€262.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 65 and over, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€262.2 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, people

14.4 millionEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000
From
Result
14,364,000

Why believe this?

65 and over, Cash benefits

€285.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 65 and over, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€285.9 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Non-cash transfers

€189.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€189.2 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, paid a month per person

€910EstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€910

Why believe this?

65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies

€156.9bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€156.9 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies

€140.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
Result
€140.4 billion

Why believe this?

Outside France, transfers

€12.3bnObservedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Transfers between general government and the rest of the world.

Calculation

Computed as
International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)
From
  • International cooperation from the EU €3bn
  • Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan) €9.2bn
Result
€12.3 billion

Why believe this?

Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)

€9.2bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D9REC_S2 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€9,245.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Public revenue

€1,456bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
Total revenue of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.

Where it comes from

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TR time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€1,456,350.5 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

General government

€1,511bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Levies net of subsidies, plus borrowing, other revenue and transfers from abroad: everything general government receives.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies + Borrowing + Other revenue + Inheritance and gift duties + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)
From
Result
€1,511.1 billion

Why believe this?

Outside France, transfers

€35.1bnObservedCalculated by this site2023

Definition

What it counts
Transfers between general government and the rest of the world.

Calculation

Computed as
EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world
From
  • EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) €23.9bn
  • International cooperation paid €10.8bn
  • Capital transfers to the rest of the world €373m
Result
€35.1 billion