Official figures and this site's calculations
Why believe this?
Figures of one view and year of the diagram, with their sources and how they were computed, each under its own anchor. Back to Public money.
2 parts: 1 2
Why believe this?
18–29, Cash benefits
€16.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Cash benefits × 18–29, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits- From
- Cash benefits €550.2bn, estimated
- 18–29, Cash benefits €17.8bn, estimated
- Cash benefits €592.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €16.6 billion
Why believe this?
Pensions
€370bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Social protection × Pensions ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection- From
- Social protection €657.9bn
- Pensions €397.9bn, estimated
- Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection €707.5bn, estimated
- Result
- €370.0 billion
Why believe this?
Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection
€707.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.
Calculation
- Computed as
Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits + Social care and housing aid- From
- Pensions €397.9bn, estimated
- Unemployment benefits €46.1bn, estimated
- Other cash benefits €147.7bn, estimated
- Social care and housing aid €115.8bn, estimated
- Result
- €707.5 billion
Why believe this?
Unemployment benefits
€46.1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €46.1 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Other cash benefits
€147.7bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- It says
row 33, Ensemble: 38; row 34, Ensemble: 33.6; row 35, Ensemble: 33.9; row 36, Ensemble: 22.9; row 37, Ensemble: 19.3
- As published
- €147.7 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
18–29, Cash benefits, per unit
€4,200Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column B (18-29 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €4,200
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee
68.4Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Number of individuals, in millions.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- 68
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
30-39 ans, Extended primary income, Insee
€53,500Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column C (30-39 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €53,500
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
40-49 ans, Extended primary income, Insee
€54,300Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column D (40-49 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €54,300
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
50-64 ans, Extended primary income, Insee
€57,100Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column E (50-64 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €57,100
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
18-29 ans, Prélèvements, Insee
€23,200Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column B (18-29 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €23,200
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
65 ans ou plus, Prélèvements, Insee
€14,600Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €14,600
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Everyone, Prélèvements, Insee
€27,000Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column G (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €27,000
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
30-39 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee
€5,400Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column C (30-39 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €5,400
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
40-49 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee
€5,600Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column D (40-49 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €5,600
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
50-64 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee
€10,600Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column E (50-64 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €10,600
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
18-29 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee
€14,000Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column B (18-29 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €14,000
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
65 ans ou plus, Transferts non monétaires, Insee
€19,100Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €19,100
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Everyone, Transferts non monétaires, Insee
€15,800Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column G (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €15,800
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
30-39 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee
€42,400Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column C (30-39 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €42,400
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
40-49 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee
€43,100Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column D (40-49 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €43,100
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
50-64 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee
€46,100Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
- Caveat
- Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column E (50-64 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €46,100
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Cash benefits, scale to everyone
100%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.
Calculation
- Computed as
Cash benefits ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100- From
- Cash benefits €592.2bn, estimated
- 18–29, consumption units, millions 4.2, estimated
- 18–29, Cash benefits, per unit €4,200, estimated
- 30–39, consumption units, millions 7.9, estimated
- 30–39, Cash benefits, per unit €5,400, estimated
- 40–49, consumption units, millions 9.8, estimated
- 40–49, Cash benefits, per unit €5,600, estimated
- 50–64, consumption units, millions 13.4, estimated
- 50–64, Cash benefits, per unit €10,600, estimated
- 65 and over, consumption units, millions 11.7, estimated
- 65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit €28,700, estimated
- Result
- 100.0%
Why believe this?
Cash benefits
€592.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit for everyone times all units.
Calculation
- Computed as
Everyone, Cash benefits, per unit × Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee ÷ 1000- From
- Everyone, Cash benefits, per unit €12,600, estimated
- Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47, estimated
- Result
- €592.2 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, consumption units, millions
9.8EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
- Caveat
- Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.576 units per person- From
- 40–49, share of individuals 25%, estimated
- Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4, estimated
- Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47, estimated
- 18-29 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 8%, estimated
- 30-39 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 20%, estimated
- 40-49 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 25%, estimated
- 50-64 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 26%, estimated
- 65 ans ou plus, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 21%, estimated
- Everyone, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 100%, estimated
- 18-29 ans, Extended primary income, Insee €41,400, estimated
- 30-39 ans, Extended primary income, Insee €53,500, estimated
- 40-49 ans, Extended primary income, Insee €54,300, estimated
- 50-64 ans, Extended primary income, Insee €57,100, estimated
- 65 ans ou plus, Extended primary income, Insee €16,000, estimated
- Everyone, Extended primary income, Insee €44,300, estimated
- 18-29 ans, Prélèvements, Insee €23,200, estimated
- 30-39 ans, Prélèvements, Insee €30,600, estimated
- 40-49 ans, Prélèvements, Insee €31,500, estimated
- 50-64 ans, Prélèvements, Insee €33,800, estimated
- 65 ans ou plus, Prélèvements, Insee €14,600, estimated
- Everyone, Prélèvements, Insee €27,000, estimated
- 18-29 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €4,200, estimated
- 30-39 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €5,400, estimated
- 40-49 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €5,600, estimated
- 50-64 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €10,600, estimated
- 65 ans ou plus, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €28,700, estimated
- Everyone, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €12,600, estimated
- 18-29 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €14,000, estimated
- 30-39 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €15,400, estimated
- 40-49 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €16,000, estimated
- 50-64 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €13,600, estimated
- 65 ans ou plus, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €19,100, estimated
- Everyone, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €15,800, estimated
- 18-29 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €35,400, estimated
- 30-39 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €42,400, estimated
- 40-49 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €43,100, estimated
- 50-64 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €46,100, estimated
- 65 ans ou plus, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €47,700, estimated
- Everyone, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €44,300, estimated
- Result
- 10
Why believe this?
65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit
€28,700Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €28,700
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Non-cash transfers
€873.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of the year's items of this kind.
Calculation
- Computed as
Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure + Collective services- From
- Health care €249.7bn, estimated
- Education €141.6bn, estimated
- Social care and housing aid €107.7bn, estimated
- Culture and leisure €41.4bn, estimated
- Collective services €332.8bn, estimated
- Result
- €873.2 billion
Why believe this?
Health care
€209.4bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €209.4 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Education
€128.1bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €128.1 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Social care and housing aid
€107.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Social protection × Social care and housing aid ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection- From
- Social protection €657.9bn
- Social care and housing aid €115.8bn, estimated
- Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection €707.5bn, estimated
- Result
- €107.7 billion
Why believe this?
Recreation, culture and religion
€41.4bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Sport, culture, broadcasting and publishing services.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF08time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €41,417.0 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Culture and leisure
€52.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €52.6 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Collective services
€332.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Collective services ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06- From
- Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home €430bn
- Collective services €239.4bn, estimated
- Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06 €309.3bn, estimated
- Result
- €332.8 billion
Why believe this?
Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies
€465.1bnObservedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- General public services without debt interest, defence, public order, economic affairs, environmental protection and housing and community amenities.
Calculation
- Computed as
General public services − Debt interest + Defence + Public order and safety + Economic affairs + Environmental protection + Housing and community amenities- From
- Result
- €465,106.7 million
Why believe this?
Debt interest
€51.7bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Public debt transactions.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF0107time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €51,706.4 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Defence
€51.2bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Military and civil defence.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF02time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €51,179.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Economic affairs
€177.6bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Transport, energy, agriculture, industry and other economic affairs.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF04time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €177,620.3 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Housing and community amenities
€35.6bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Housing development, community development, water supply and street lighting.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_exp(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEcofog99=GF06time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €35,601.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06
€309.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production + Collective services- From
- Subsidies on products €31.8bn, estimated
- Subsidies on production €38.1bn, estimated
- Collective services €239.4bn, estimated
- Result
- €309.3 billion
Why believe this?
Subsidies on products
€31.8bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €31.8 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
18–29, Non-cash transfers
€59.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit €14,000, estimated
- 18–29, consumption units, millions 4.2, estimated
- Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100%, estimated
- Result
- €59.5 billion
Why believe this?
Everyone, Non-cash transfers, per unit
€15,800Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column G (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €15,800
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit
€15,400Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column C (30-39 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €15,400
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit
€16,000Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column D (40-49 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €16,000
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit
€13,600Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column E (50-64 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €13,600
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
18–29, received a month per person
€1,190EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
18–29, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12- From
- 18–29, receives €78bn, estimated
- 18–29, people 5.5 million, estimated
- Result
- €1,190
Why believe this?
18–29, receives
€78bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- What the household age group receives.
Calculation
- Computed as
18–29, Cash benefits + 18–29, Non-cash transfers- From
- 18–29, Cash benefits €15.9bn, estimated
- 18–29, Non-cash transfers €62.1bn, estimated
- Result
- €78.0 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, Cash benefits
€17.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
18–29, Cash benefits, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 18–29, Cash benefits, per unit €4,200, estimated
- 18–29, consumption units, millions 3.8, estimated
- Cash benefits, scale to everyone 108.6%, estimated
- Result
- €17.2 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, consumption units, millions
3.8EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
- Caveat
- As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration.
Calculation
- Computed as
18–29, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person- From
- 18–29, share of individuals 8%, estimated
- Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4, estimated
- Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47, estimated
- Result
- 4
Why believe this?
30–39, consumption units, millions
9.4EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
- Caveat
- As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration.
Calculation
- Computed as
30–39, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person- From
- 30–39, share of individuals 20%, estimated
- Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4, estimated
- Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47, estimated
- Result
- 9
Why believe this?
50–64, consumption units, millions
12.2EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
- Caveat
- As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration.
Calculation
- Computed as
50–64, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person- From
- 50–64, share of individuals 26%, estimated
- Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4, estimated
- Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47, estimated
- Result
- 12
Why believe this?
65 and over, consumption units, millions
9.9EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
- Caveat
- As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration.
Calculation
- Computed as
65 and over, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person- From
- 65 and over, share of individuals 21%, estimated
- Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4, estimated
- Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47, estimated
- Result
- 10
Why believe this?
18–29, Non-cash transfers
€62.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 18–29, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers- From
- Non-cash transfers €873.2bn, estimated
- 18–29, Non-cash transfers €52.8bn, estimated
- Non-cash transfers €742.6bn, estimated
- Result
- €62.1 billion
Why believe this?
Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone
100.3%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.
Calculation
- Computed as
Non-cash transfers ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100- From
- Non-cash transfers €742.6bn, estimated
- 18–29, consumption units, millions 3.8, estimated
- 18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit €14,000, estimated
- 30–39, consumption units, millions 9.4, estimated
- 30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit €15,400, estimated
- 40–49, consumption units, millions 11.8, estimated
- 40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit €16,000, estimated
- 50–64, consumption units, millions 12.2, estimated
- 50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit €13,600, estimated
- 65 and over, consumption units, millions 9.9, estimated
- 65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit €19,100, estimated
- Result
- 100.3%
Why believe this?
Levies, net of subsidies
€1,170bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Every levy of the year, net of subsidies on products and production.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Levies − Subsidies- From
- Levies €1,267bn, estimated
- Subsidies €97.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €1,169.8 billion
Why believe this?
Levies
€1,267bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of the year's items of this kind.
Calculation
- Computed as
Taxes on products + Taxes on production + Corporate tax + CSG + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth + Pension contributions + Other contributions- From
- Taxes on products €318.8bn, estimated
- Taxes on production €128.1bn, estimated
- Corporate tax €79.3bn, estimated
- CSG €149.8bn, estimated
- Income tax €103.3bn, estimated
- Other taxes on income and wealth €24.7bn, estimated
- Pension contributions €280.4bn, estimated
- Other contributions €182.4bn, estimated
- Result
- €1,267.0 billion
Why believe this?
Taxes on products
€318.6bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €318.6 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports
€446.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.
Calculation
- Computed as
Taxes on products + Taxes on production- From
- Taxes on products €318.6bn, estimated
- Taxes on production €128bn, estimated
- Result
- €446.6 billion
Why believe this?
Taxes on production
€128.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Taxes on production and imports × Taxes on production ÷ Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports- From
- Taxes on production and imports €446.9bn
- Taxes on production €128bn, estimated
- Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports €446.6bn, estimated
- Result
- €128.1 billion
Why believe this?
Corporate tax
€79.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Taxes on income and wealth × Corporate tax ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth- From
- Taxes on income and wealth €357.2bn
- Corporate tax €78bn, estimated
- Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth €351.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €79.3 billion
Why believe this?
Taxes on income and wealth
€357.2bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, CSG and CRDS, corporate income tax, and the property wealth tax (IFI).
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_main(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=D5RECtime=2023· query this cell- As published
- €357,244.0 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Other taxes on income and wealth
€24.3bnEstimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €24.3 billion
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
CSG
€149.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Taxes on income and wealth × CSG ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth- From
- Taxes on income and wealth €357.2bn
- CSG €147.3bn, estimated
- Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth €351.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €149.8 billion
Why believe this?
Income tax
€103.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Taxes on income and wealth × Income tax ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth- From
- Taxes on income and wealth €357.2bn
- Income tax €101.6bn, estimated
- Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth €351.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €103.3 billion
Why believe this?
Pension contributions
€280.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Social contributions × Pension contributions ÷ Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions- From
- Social contributions €462.8bn
- Pension contributions €328.9bn, estimated
- Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions €542.9bn, estimated
- Result
- €280.4 billion
Why believe this?
Social contributions
€462.8bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Contributions paid by employers, employees and the self-employed to social security, pensions and unemployment insurance, imputed contributions included.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_main(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=D61RECtime=2023· query this cell- As published
- €462,828.0 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Other contributions
€182.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Social contributions × Other contributions ÷ Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions- From
- Social contributions €462.8bn
- Other contributions €214bn, estimated
- Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions €542.9bn, estimated
- Result
- €182.4 billion
Why believe this?
Subsidies
€97.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The sum of the year's items of this kind.
Calculation
- Computed as
Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production- From
- Subsidies on products €44.2bn, estimated
- Subsidies on production €53bn, estimated
- Result
- €97.2 billion
Why believe this?
Subsidies on production
€53bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
- Caveat
- Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.
Calculation
- Computed as
Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Subsidies on production ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06- From
- Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home €430bn
- Subsidies on production €38.1bn, estimated
- Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06 €309.3bn, estimated
- Result
- €53.0 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, Levies, net of subsidies
€98.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €23,200, estimated
- 18–29, consumption units, millions 4.2, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 99.8%, estimated
- Result
- €98.4 billion
Why believe this?
Everyone, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit
€27,000Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column G (Ensemble)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €27,000
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit
€30,600Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column C (30-39 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €30,600
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit
€31,500Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column D (40-49 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €31,500
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit
€33,800Estimated2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
- Where
- Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column E (50-64 ans)
- Published
- 16 April 2026
- As published
- €33,800
- Read
- 2026-10-14
Why believe this?
18–29, paid a month per person
€1,190EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
18–29, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12- From
- 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies €78.4bn, estimated
- 18–29, people 5.5 million, estimated
- Result
- €1,190
Why believe this?
18–29, Levies, net of subsidies
€78.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies- From
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,170bn, estimated
- 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies €85bn, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,269bn, estimated
- Result
- €78.4 billion
Why believe this?
Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone
97.5%EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.
Calculation
- Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100- From
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,269bn, estimated
- 18–29, consumption units, millions 3.8, estimated
- 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €23,200, estimated
- 30–39, consumption units, millions 9.4, estimated
- 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €30,600, estimated
- 40–49, consumption units, millions 11.8, estimated
- 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €31,500, estimated
- 50–64, consumption units, millions 12.2, estimated
- 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €33,800, estimated
- 65 and over, consumption units, millions 9.9, estimated
- 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €14,600, estimated
- Result
- 97.5%
Why believe this?
30–39, received a month per person
€1,350EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
30–39, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12- From
- 30–39, receives €222bn, estimated
- 30–39, people 13.7 million, estimated
- Result
- €1,350
Why believe this?
30–39, receives
€222bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- What the household age group receives.
Calculation
- Computed as
30–39, Cash benefits + 30–39, Non-cash transfers- From
- 30–39, Cash benefits €51.2bn, estimated
- 30–39, Non-cash transfers €170.8bn, estimated
- Result
- €222.0 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, Cash benefits
€55.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
30–39, Cash benefits, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 30–39, Cash benefits, per unit €5,400, estimated
- 30–39, consumption units, millions 9.4, estimated
- Cash benefits, scale to everyone 108.6%, estimated
- Result
- €55.1 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, Non-cash transfers
€170.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 30–39, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers- From
- Non-cash transfers €873.2bn, estimated
- 30–39, Non-cash transfers €145.2bn, estimated
- Non-cash transfers €742.6bn, estimated
- Result
- €170.8 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, Cash benefits
€39.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Cash benefits × 30–39, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits- From
- Cash benefits €550.2bn, estimated
- 30–39, Cash benefits €42.5bn, estimated
- Cash benefits €592.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €39.5 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, Non-cash transfers
€121.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit €15,400, estimated
- 30–39, consumption units, millions 7.9, estimated
- Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100%, estimated
- Result
- €121.2 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, paid a month per person
€1,570EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
30–39, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12- From
- 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies €258.4bn, estimated
- 30–39, people 13.7 million, estimated
- Result
- €1,570
Why believe this?
30–39, Levies, net of subsidies
€258.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies- From
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,170bn, estimated
- 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies €280.3bn, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,269bn, estimated
- Result
- €258.4 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, Levies, net of subsidies
€240.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €30,600, estimated
- 30–39, consumption units, millions 7.9, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 99.8%, estimated
- Result
- €240.5 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Cash benefits
€66.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Cash benefits × 40–49, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits- From
- Cash benefits €550.2bn, estimated
- 40–49, Cash benefits €71.5bn, estimated
- Cash benefits €592.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €66.4 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Non-cash transfers
€188.6bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit €16,000, estimated
- 40–49, consumption units, millions 11.8, estimated
- Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100.3%, estimated
- Result
- €188.6 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, people
17.1 millionEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000- From
- 40–49, share of individuals 25%, estimated
- Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4, estimated
- Result
- 17,100,000
Why believe this?
40–49, received a month per person
€1,150EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12- From
- 40–49, receives €236.3bn, estimated
- 40–49, people 17.1 million, estimated
- Result
- €1,150
Why believe this?
40–49, receives
€236.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- What the household age group receives.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, Cash benefits + 40–49, Non-cash transfers- From
- 40–49, Cash benefits €51.2bn, estimated
- 40–49, Non-cash transfers €185.1bn, estimated
- Result
- €236.3 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Cash benefits
€55.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, Cash benefits, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 40–49, Cash benefits, per unit €5,600, estimated
- 40–49, consumption units, millions 9.8, estimated
- Cash benefits, scale to everyone 100%, estimated
- Result
- €55.1 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Non-cash transfers
€185.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 40–49, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers- From
- Non-cash transfers €873.2bn, estimated
- 40–49, Non-cash transfers €157.4bn, estimated
- Non-cash transfers €742.6bn, estimated
- Result
- €185.1 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Levies, net of subsidies
€360.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €31,500, estimated
- 40–49, consumption units, millions 11.8, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 97.5%, estimated
- Result
- €360.7 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, paid a month per person
€1,390EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
40–49, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12- From
- 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies €285.2bn, estimated
- 40–49, people 17.1 million, estimated
- Result
- €1,390
Why believe this?
40–49, Levies, net of subsidies
€285.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies- From
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,170bn, estimated
- 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies €309.4bn, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,269bn, estimated
- Result
- €285.2 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, Cash benefits
€131.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Cash benefits × 50–64, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits- From
- Cash benefits €550.2bn, estimated
- 50–64, Cash benefits €141.5bn, estimated
- Cash benefits €592.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €131.5 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, Non-cash transfers
€181.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit €13,600, estimated
- 50–64, consumption units, millions 13.4, estimated
- Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100%, estimated
- Result
- €181.5 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, received a month per person
€1,530EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
50–64, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12- From
- 50–64, receives €326.8bn, estimated
- 50–64, people 17.8 million, estimated
- Result
- €1,530
Why believe this?
50–64, receives
€326.8bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- What the household age group receives.
Calculation
- Computed as
50–64, Cash benefits + 50–64, Non-cash transfers- From
- 50–64, Cash benefits €130.7bn, estimated
- 50–64, Non-cash transfers €196.1bn, estimated
- Result
- €326.8 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, Cash benefits
€140.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
50–64, Cash benefits, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 50–64, Cash benefits, per unit €10,600, estimated
- 50–64, consumption units, millions 12.2, estimated
- Cash benefits, scale to everyone 108.6%, estimated
- Result
- €140.7 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, Non-cash transfers
€196.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 50–64, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers- From
- Non-cash transfers €873.2bn, estimated
- 50–64, Non-cash transfers €166.8bn, estimated
- Non-cash transfers €742.6bn, estimated
- Result
- €196.1 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, Levies, net of subsidies
€450.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €33,800, estimated
- 50–64, consumption units, millions 13.4, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 99.8%, estimated
- Result
- €450.5 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, paid a month per person
€1,740EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
50–64, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12- From
- 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies €371.1bn, estimated
- 50–64, people 17.8 million, estimated
- Result
- €1,740
Why believe this?
50–64, Levies, net of subsidies
€371.1bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies- From
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,170bn, estimated
- 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies €402.5bn, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,269bn, estimated
- Result
- €371.1 billion
Why believe this?
65 and over, Cash benefits
€311.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Cash benefits × 65 and over, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits- From
- Cash benefits €550.2bn, estimated
- 65 and over, Cash benefits €335.2bn, estimated
- Cash benefits €592.2bn, estimated
- Result
- €311.4 billion
Why believe this?
65 and over, Non-cash transfers
€223bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit €19,100, estimated
- 65 and over, consumption units, millions 11.7, estimated
- Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100%, estimated
- Result
- €223.0 billion
Why believe this?
65 and over, received a month per person
€2,950EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
65 and over, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12- From
- 65 and over, receives €508.3bn, estimated
- 65 and over, people 14.4 million, estimated
- Result
- €2,950
Why believe this?
65 and over, receives
€508.3bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- What the household age group receives.
Calculation
- Computed as
65 and over, Cash benefits + 65 and over, Non-cash transfers- From
- 65 and over, Cash benefits €285.9bn, estimated
- 65 and over, Non-cash transfers €222.4bn, estimated
- Result
- €508.3 billion
Why believe this?
65 and over, Cash benefits
€307.7bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit €28,700, estimated
- 65 and over, consumption units, millions 9.9, estimated
- Cash benefits, scale to everyone 108.6%, estimated
- Result
- €307.7 billion
Why believe this?
65 and over, Non-cash transfers
€222.4bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 65 and over, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers- From
- Non-cash transfers €873.2bn, estimated
- 65 and over, Non-cash transfers €189.2bn, estimated
- Non-cash transfers €742.6bn, estimated
- Result
- €222.4 billion
Why believe this?
65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies
€170.2bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.
Calculation
- Computed as
65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100- From
- 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €14,600, estimated
- 65 and over, consumption units, millions 11.7, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 99.8%, estimated
- Result
- €170.2 billion
Why believe this?
65 and over, paid a month per person
€750EstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The group's amount over its people, a month per person.
Calculation
- Computed as
65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12- From
- 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies €129.5bn, estimated
- 65 and over, people 14.4 million, estimated
- Result
- €750
Why believe this?
65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies
€129.5bnEstimatedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.
Calculation
- Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies- From
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,170bn, estimated
- 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies €140.4bn, estimated
- Levies, net of subsidies €1,269bn, estimated
- Result
- €129.5 billion
Why believe this?
International cooperation from the EU
€3bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_main(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=D74REC_S212time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €3,017.0 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Borrowing
€151.9bnObservedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- The deficit: the part of public spending not covered by revenue, financed by issuing debt.
Calculation
- Computed as
− Net lending- From
- Net lending €−151.9bn
- Result
- €151,920.3 million
Why believe this?
Net lending
€−151.9bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Revenue minus expenditure of general government.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_main(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=B9time=2023· query this cell- As published
- €−151,920.3 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Other revenue
€156.3bnObservedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Public revenue that Insee does not attribute as a levy: sales of services and fees, property income, transfers received and capital taxes other than inheritance and gift duties; transfers from the rest of the world and those duties are drawn apart.
Calculation
- Computed as
Public revenue − Taxes on production and imports − Taxes on income and wealth − Social contributions − International cooperation from the EU − Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan) − Inheritance and gift duties- From
- Result
- €156,294.5 million
Why believe this?
Inheritance and gift duties
€20.8bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Taxes on capital transfers (ESA D.91A): inheritance and gift duties.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_taxag(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13_S212na_item=D91Atime=2023· query this cell- As published
- €20,815.0 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-04
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.
Why believe this?
Debt interest and unclassified
€52.6bnObservedCalculated by this site2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Public spending that no category takes, transfers abroad aside: debt interest, and the gap between Eurostat's total and its later breakdown by purpose.
Calculation
- Computed as
Public spending − Social protection − Health − Education − Recreation, culture and religion − Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home − EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) − International cooperation paid − Capital transfers to the rest of the world- From
- Public spending €1,608bn
- Social protection €657.9bn
- Health €249.7bn
- Education €141.6bn
- Recreation, culture and religion €41.4bn
- Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home €430bn
- EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) €23.9bn
- International cooperation paid €10.8bn
- Capital transfers to the rest of the world €373m
- Result
- €52,584.6 million
Why believe this?
Public spending
€1,608bnObserved2023
Definition
- What it counts
- Total expenditure of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.
Where it comes from
- Source
- Eurostat, dataset
gov_10a_main(browse the table) - Exact cell
geo=FRunit=MIO_EURsector=S13na_item=TEtime=2023· query this cell- As published
- €1,608,270.8 million
- Dataset version
- updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
- Transformation
- Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.